Allometric Patterns of Heads and Genitalia in the Stag Beetle &lt;I&gt;Lucanus maculifemoratus&lt;/I&gt; (Coleoptera: Lucanidae)

Tatsuta, Haruki; Mizota, Koji; Akimoto, Shin‐ichi

doi:10.1603/0013-8746(2001)094[0462:apohag]2.0.co;2

Cited by 59 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…According to many authors, size variation depends strongly on environmental factors (Adams & Funk 1997;Tatsuta et al 2001), such as seasonality and the length of time which is favorable for growth (Nylin & Svärd 1991). Nevertheless, the plastic response may be me- Latitudinal gradient effect on the wing geometry of Auca coctei (Guérin) diated by physiological mechanisms (Blanckenhorn & Demont 2004), without intervention of adaptation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Latitudinal gradient effect on the wing geometry of Auca coctei (Guérin)(Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae)

Sanzana¹,

Parra²,

Sepúlveda-Zúñiga³

et al. 2013

Rev. Bras. entomol.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Latitudinal gradient effect on the wing geometry of Auca coctei (Guérin)(Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae)

Sanzana¹,

Parra²,

Sepúlveda-Zúñiga³

et al. 2013

Rev. Bras. entomol.

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“…Several studies in a wide variety of invertebrate taxa have convincingly shown the genital size to vary less than body size, therefore expressing negative allometry in relation to overall body size (Eberhard et al, 1998;Schmitz et al, 2000;Uhl & Vollrath, 2000;Tatsuta et al, 2001;Bernstein & Bernstein, 2002;Kawano, 2004;Hosken et al, 2005;Mutanen et al, 2006). In some studies, reduced values of the coefficient of variation have been detected in genital traits as well (Eberhard et al, 1998;Teder, 1998;Hosken et al, 2005;Mutanen et al, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Male genital variation in a moth Pammene luedersiana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

Mutanen¹,

Rytkönen²,

Linden³

et al. 2007

Eur. J. Entomol.

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Abstract. Insect genital characters are extensively used in species level taxonomy, and their value in species delimitation is great. Based on the lock-and-key hypothesis and that genital differences function as a mechanical isolation system between species, the value of genital characters has been thought to be superior to non-genital characters. Although geographical and other kind of intraspecific variation of genitalia is often assumed very moderate, its real extent is insufficiently investigated. We examined patterns of morphological variation in the male genitalia of the tortricid moth Pammene luedersiana, using geometric morphometric tools including thin-plate spline deformation grids, and found significant variation. This variation is continuous both within and between populations. No systematic shape variation was observed between populations, but genital size showed some geographic variability. The results suggest that genital morphology is not constant and should therefore be used with caution in lepidopteran taxonomy.

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“…The small female mandibles are used to dig in rotten wood (for oviposition) and in soil (when emerging from their cocoon and to hide from predators), and possibly to pierce tree bark to feed from sap runs (Percy, 1998;Tanahashi et al, 2009;Tanahashi et al, 2010). Male stag beetles, however, fight each other with their enlarged mandibles to gain access to females (Emlen, 2008;Inoue and Hasegawa, 2013;Kawano, 2006;Shiokawa and Iwahashi, 2000;Tatsuta et al, 2001). During such fights, opponents try to grip each other and the winner will lift the other male and throw it backwards (Shiokawa and Iwahashi, 2000) (authors' personal observations; see supplementary material Movie 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomechanical determinants of bite force dimorphism inCyclommatus metalliferstag beetles

Goyens

Dirckx

Dierick

et al. 2014

Journal of Experimental Biology

172

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In the stag beetle family (Lucanidae), males have diverged from females by sexual selection. The males fight each other for mating opportunities with their enlarged mandibles. It is known that owners of larger fighting apparatuses are favoured to win the male-male fights, but it was unclear whether male stag beetles also need to produce high bite forces while grabbing and lifting opponents in fights. We show that male Cyclommatus metallifer stag beetles bite three times as forcefully as females. This is not entirely unexpected given the spectacular nature of the fights, but all the more impressive given the difficulty of achieving this with their long mandibles (long levers). Our results suggest no increase in male intrinsic muscle strength to accomplish this. However, morphological analyses show that the long mandibular output levers in males are compensated by elongated input levers (and thus a wider anterior side of the head). The surplus of male bite force capability is realized by enlargement of the closer muscles of the mandibles, while overall muscle force direction remained optimal. To enable the forceful bites required to ensure male reproductive success, male head size and shape are adapted for long input levers and large muscles. Therefore, the entire head should be regarded as an integral part of male armature.

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Allometric Patterns of Heads and Genitalia in the Stag Beetle <I>Lucanus maculifemoratus</I> (Coleoptera: Lucanidae)

Cited by 59 publications

References 23 publications

Latitudinal gradient effect on the wing geometry of Auca coctei (Guérin)(Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae)

Latitudinal gradient effect on the wing geometry of Auca coctei (Guérin)(Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae)

Male genital variation in a moth Pammene luedersiana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

Biomechanical determinants of bite force dimorphism inCyclommatus metalliferstag beetles

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