Allopurinol an inhibitor of xanthine oxidase reduces uric acid levels and modifies the signs associated with copper deficiency in rats fed fructose

Fields, Meira; Lewis, Charles G.; Lure, Mark D.

doi:10.1016/0891-5849(95)02056-x

Cited by 62 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 31 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…They were administered orally 1.2 mmol/kg body weight of KBrO 3 13) dissolved in 0.9% (w/v) NaCl or 0.9% (w/v) NaCl 15 min before intraperitoneal administration of allopurinol. Allopurinol (10 mg/kg as low dose and 50 mg/kg as high dose 16) ) suspended in 0.9% (w/v) NaCl or 0.9% (w/v) NaCl was injected to the abdominal cavity of the mice. All administrations were quickly and carefully carried out without anesthesia.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Potassium Bromate-Induced Hyperuricemia Stimulates Acute Kidney Damage and Oxidative Stress

Watanabe

Tajima

Yamaguchi

et al. 2004

JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Acute exposure of mice to potassium bromate (KBrO 3 ), which is a major disinfection by-product of ozonation and/or chlorination of bromide-containing raw waters, causes serious kidney failure and neuropathological disorders. We observed significant elevations of serum uric acid levels and xanthine oxidase activity by KBrO 3 administration (1.2 mmol/kg) with elevating relative kidney weight, serum creatinine levels and renal oxidative stress. Therefore, allopurinol was administered to KBrO 3 -treated mice to examine if the elevation of blood uric acid levels causes acute kidney damage and renal oxidative stress. These KBrO 3 -induced elevations were significantly prevented by intraperitoneal administration of allopurinol (10 or 50 mg/kg) and significant correlation between kidney damage and uric acid levels was observed. Reduction of catalase activity in the kidney of KBrO 3 -treated mice, which results in the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide, was also restored by allopurinol. There were significant correlations between catalase activity and uric acid levels or kidney damage. Furthermore, in in vitro experiment, catalase activity was reduced in the presence of physiological concentration of uric acid (approximately 0.3 mM or more). These results suggest that the reduction of catalase activity by the elevation of blood uric acid levels is a major cause of KBrO 3 -induced acute kidney damage. Allopurinol also suppressed KBrO 3 -induced increases of renal thiobarbituric acid reactive substances levels and renal protein carbonyl levels of mice. Furthermore, significant correlation between oxidative stress and blood uric acid levels was observed. Therefore, KBrO 3 seems to cause hyperuricemic status which in turn brings about acute kidney damage and oxidative stress with reducing catalase activity.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Xanthine Oxidase: Xanthine oxidase activity in the cytosol fraction of kidney cells and in the serum was assayed by the method of Akaike et al 16) Detection of uric acid formation was carried out using HPLC (Hitachi Co.). One unit of enzyme converts 1.0 µmol of xanthine to uric acid per min.…”

Section: Measurement Of Enzyme Activity ---mentioning

confidence: 99%

Potassium Bromate-Induced Hyperuricemia Stimulates Acute Kidney Damage and Oxidative Stress

Watanabe

Tajima

Yamaguchi

et al. 2004

JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…These administrations were based on the previous papers. 12,13) The mice were sacrificed 3 hr after the administration. Cerebrum was immediately excised after decapitation, and then weighed, washed with saline and homogenized in ice-cold 0.01 M phosphate buffered saline (PBS) (pH 7.4).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cerebral Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Oxonate-Induced Hyperuricemic Mice

Watanabe

Kiyama

Sakamaki

et al. 2006

JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Relation between blood uric acid levels and brain cell functions were examined using potassium oxonateinduced hyperuricemic mice and allopurinol-induced hypouricemic mice. In hyperuricemic mice and hypouricemic mice, erythrocyte catalase activity was significantly lower and higher, respectively, than that in the control group. No significant change of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity or glutathione peroxidase activity was observed in either group. Cerebral lipid peroxide levels expressed as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were significantly higher in hyperuricemic mice, and cerebral mitochondrial ATP synthesis and manganese-containing SOD (Mn-SOD) activity were significantly diminished in the same mice. In hypouricemic mice, no significant change was observed for TBARS levels, mitochondrial ATP synthesis and Mn-SOD activity. Then significant negative correlation between erythrocyte catalase activity and cerebral TBARS levels, and significant positive correlation between catalase activity and mitochondrial ATP synthesis were confirmed. Furthermore, when mouse erythrocytes were treated with uric acid, their catalase activities were particularly diminished. These results suggest that the reduction of erythrocyte catalase activity resulted from the elevation of blood uric acid levels is a major cause of cerebral oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in hyperuricemic mice. Therefore, it is possible that hyperuricemia and gout are risk factors of cerebral disorders.

show abstract

“…Elevated concentrations of uric acid in the blood stream of human body leads to formation of gout, characterized by hyperuricemia and recurrentattacks of arthritis [19]. Allopurinol is the only clinically used XO inhibitor (XOI), approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 1966, which also suffers from many side effects such as, hypersensitivity syndrome, liver function abnormalities [20], Stevens-Johnson syndrome, a fatal complication known as "allopurinol hypersensitivity syndrome" [21,22], renal toxicity due to impairment of pyrimidine metabolism. On the other hand, allopurinol generates superoxide23 and some people develop rash as they are allergic to allopurinol [21,24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis, Antioxidant, Xanthine Oxidase and Urease Inhibitory Activities of Some Chlorine Containing Benzimidazoles

Baltaş¹,

Yılmaz²,

Menteşe³

2016

HJBC

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Ö Z E T B ir seri tetra-substitüe benzimidazol türevi sentezlendi ve üreaz inhibisyon, anti-ksantin oksidaz (XO) ve antioksidan aktiviteleri incelendi. Bazı bileşiklerin önemli derecede antioksidan aktivite gösterdiği tespit edildi. Özellikle, bileşik 4, 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d ve 6b ABTS•+ radikal katyon temizleme (SC 50 : 9.51-70.43 µg/mL) ve bakır indirgeyici antioksidan kapasite (CUPRAC) tayininde yüksek derecede aktivite gösterdiği belirlendi. Bileşik 6d ise, 125 µg/mL derişimde en yüksek anti-ksantin oksidaz (XO) aktivitesi gösterdi. Bütün bileşikler Jack Bean üreaz aktivite tayin yöntemine göre incelendi ve en aktif üreaz inhibisyonuna sahip bileşiğin 7.41±0.13 µg/mL IC 50 değeriyle (5b) olduğu tespit edildi. Anahtar KelimelerÜreaz, ksantin oksidaz, enzim inhibisyon, antioksidan aktivite, benzimidazol. A B S T R A C TA series of tetra-substitued benzimidazole derivatives were synthesized and screened for their urease inhibition, anti-xanthine oxidase (XO) and antioxidant activities. Some of them were found to possess significant antioxidant activity, especially, compounds 4, 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d and 6b exhibited highly scavenging activity in ABTS•+ radical cation decolorization assay (SC 50 : 9.51-70.43 µg/mL) and cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) assay. Compound 6d exhibited the highest XO inhibition at 125 µg/mL. All compounds were evaluated with regard to Jack Bean urease activity and the most active compound concerning urease enzyme inhibition was (5b), with an IC 50 value of 7.41±0.13 µg/mL.

show abstract

Allopurinol an inhibitor of xanthine oxidase reduces uric acid levels and modifies the signs associated with copper deficiency in rats fed fructose

Cited by 62 publications

References 31 publications

Potassium Bromate-Induced Hyperuricemia Stimulates Acute Kidney Damage and Oxidative Stress

Potassium Bromate-Induced Hyperuricemia Stimulates Acute Kidney Damage and Oxidative Stress

Cerebral Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Oxonate-Induced Hyperuricemic Mice

Synthesis, Antioxidant, Xanthine Oxidase and Urease Inhibitory Activities of Some Chlorine Containing Benzimidazoles

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About