Allyl Isothiocyanate (AITC) Triggered Toxicity and FsYvc1 (a STRPC Family Member) Responded Sense in Fusarium solani

Abstract

Allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) is a natural product used as a food additive. Due to its strong volatility and broad biological activity, AITC is considered as a bio-fumigant to control soil-borne fungal diseases in agriculture, creating an urgent need for evaluation of the antifungal activity of AITC. Here we study the effect of AITC on Fusarium solani growth and explore the molecular mechanisms. The results indicated that AITC causes rapid inhibition of F. solani after 5 min, hyphal deformity, and electrolyte leakage. A yeast-like vacuolar transient receptor potential channel regulator (FsYvc1, a STRPC family member) was identified in F. solani that seems to play a role in this fungi AITC sensitivity. Genetic evidence suggests the gene FsYvc1 is involved in F. solani growth, development, and pathogenicity. Loss of FsYvc1 resulted in hypersensitivity of F. solani to AITC and induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation ∼ 1.3 to 1.45-folds that of the wild type (WT), and no difference responses to CaCl 2 , NaCl, KCl, SDS, and Congo red when compared with WT. In addition, FsYvc1-17 showed significantly reduced (∼ 1-fold) glutathione-S-transferase (GST) expression compared with the WT without AITC induction. Upon exposure to 4.8 µg/mL AITC for 3 h, the relative expression levels were ∼ 12-30 fold higher in both the WT and FsYvc1-17. Nevertheless, no difference in GST expression level was observed between the WT and FsYvc1-17. The current study provides novel insights into the toxicity mechanisms of AITC. Considering our results that show the key role of FsYvc1, we propose that it could act as a new molecular target for future fungicide development.

Effects of Glucosinolate-Derived Isothiocyanates on Fungi: A Comprehensive Review on Direct Effects, Mechanisms, Structure-Activity Relationship Data and Possible Agricultural Applications

“…In a Fusarium solani model [ 129 ], allyl ITC also causes hyphal deformity and electrolyte leakage. A yeast-like vacuolar transient receptor potential channel regulator (FsYvc1, a STRPC family member) was shown to be involved in this mechanism behind sensitivity: loss of FsYvc1 results in hypersensitivity towards allyl ITC, accompanied by a 1.3–1.5-fold hyperaccumulation of ROS, but no changes in a variety of other tested parameters.…”

Combination of allyl isothiocyanate and cinnamaldehyde against the growth of mycotoxigenic fungi and aflatoxin production in corn

“…AITC has already been described as an antifungal and antimycotoxigenic compound (Nazareth et al., 2016; Saladino et al., 2017; Tracz et al., 2017). There are several action mechanisms proposed for this compound, including the inhibition of cell proliferation by suppression of the MAPK pathway, the damage to genetic material by the production of reactive oxygen compounds, and the inhibition of the metabolic isoenzyme glutathione S‐transferase expression (Li et al., 2020). However, with pungent taste and odor, methods are necessary to enable its application in food and raw materials.…”

Antimicrobial Terpenes Suppressed the Infection Process of Phytophthora in Fennel-Pepper Intercropping System

“…Similarly, terpene compounds could induce ROS accumulation in hyphae, and terpenes with higher antimicrobial activity, such as anethole and gamma-terpinene exhibited a stronger ability to induce ROS accumulation ( Figure 6 ), indicating that oxidative stress caused by terpenes may trigger the interference of fennel roots in the infection process of P. capsici . Previous studies have shown that allyl isothiocyanate induced ROS accumulation in Fusarium solani ( Li et al, 2020 ). Liquiritin inhibited P. capsici mycelial growth and sporangial development and significantly induced H 2 O 2 accumulation ( Liu P. et al, 2021 ).…”