ALMA Survey of Orion Planck Galactic Cold Clumps (ALMASOP): A Hot Corino Survey toward Protostellar Cores in the Orion Cloud

Abstract

The presence of complex organic molecules (COMs) in the interstellar medium is of great interest since it may link to the origin and prevalence of life in the universe. Aiming to investigate the occurrence of COMs and their possible origins, we conducted a chemical census toward a sample of protostellar cores as part of the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array Survey of Orion Planck Galactic Cold Clumps project. We report the detection of 11 hot corino sources, which exhibit compact emissions from warm and abundant COMs, among 56 Class 0/I protostellar cores. All of the hot corino sources discovered are likely Class 0, and their sizes of the warm region (>100 K) are comparable to 100 au. The luminosity of the hot corino sources exhibits positive correlations with the total number of methanol and the extent of its emissions. Such correlations are consistent with the thermal desorption picture for the presence of hot corinos and suggest that the lower-luminosity (Class 0) sources likely have a smaller region with COM emissions. With the same sample selection method and detection criteria being applied, the detection rates of the warm methanol in the Orion cloud (15/37) and the Perseus cloud (28/50) are statistically similar when the cloud distances and the limited sample size are considered. Observing the same set of COM transitions will bring a more informative comparison between the cloud properties.

ALMA Survey of Orion Planck Galactic Cold Clumps (ALMASOP): How Do Dense Core Properties Affect the Multiplicity of Protostars?

“…These 72 cores are among the densest in these clouds and are arguably the closest to the onset of star formation (Dutta et al 2020), i.e., those that have started to collapse or have already formed protostars. In previous work with ALMASOP data, we focused on the chemical evolution of hot corino sources (Hsu et al 2020(Hsu et al , 2022, the fragmentation of prestellar cores (Sahu et al 2021b), and outflow jets (Dutta et al 2020). Dutta et al (2020) presented the 1.3 mm continuum emission maps in ALMASOP observations and identified protostars in 43 cores.…”

FAUST. VII. Detection of a Hot Corino in the Prototypical Warm Carbon-chain Chemistry Source IRAS 15398–3359

“…In the ALMA era, hot corinos have been found in various sources (e.g., Calcutt et al 2018;Manigand et al 2020;van Gelder et al 2020;Yang et al 2020;Martín-Doménech et al 2021;Nazari et al 2021;Yang et al 2021;Bouvier et al 2022;Chahine et al 2022;Hsu et al 2022). Hot corinos have been identified even in some sources that were hitherto classified as a WCCC source abundant in carbon-chain molecules, due to highresolution and high-sensitivity observations.…”

CORINOS. I. JWST/MIRI Spectroscopy and Imaging of a Class 0 Protostar IRAS 15398–3359

“…Recent surveys show that gas-phase COM emission is common, but not ubiquitous, around Class 0/I protostars, with detection fractions around half (Bergner et al 2019a;Bianchi et al 2019b;Belloche et al 2020;van Gelder et al 2020;Nazari et al 2021;Yang et al 2021;Hsu et al 2022;Bouvier et al 2022). It remains unknown why some sources show rich emission of gas-phase organics and others do not.…”