Along-arc, inter-arc and arc-to-arc variations in volcanic gas CO 2 /S T ratios reveal dual source of carbon in arc volcanism

Aiuppa, Alessandro; Fischer, Tobias P.; Plank, Terry; Robidoux, Philippe; Napoli, Rossella Di

doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2017.03.005

Cited by 138 publications

(200 citation statements)

References 372 publications

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“…In analogy with observations made at other open‐vent volcanoes (e.g., Etna; Shinohara et al, ), we propose that this low‐SO 2 component ( H ) likely reflected gas contribution from lower temperature, hydrothermal fumaroles that were widespread on the crater rim/inner crater wall around the Multi‐GAS site. Hydrothermal fumaroles are typically H 2 O‐rich (Chiodini & Marini, ; Fischer & Chiodini, ) and exhibit high CO 2 /S t ratios due to scrubbing of reactive sulfur during reactions with hydrothermal rocks/fluids (Aiuppa et al, ). The Pacaya fumaroles reported in Goff et al () may well be representative of this hydrothermal component.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We combine these compositional data with simultaneous measurement of the volcanic SO 2 flux, obtained by a dual‐UV Camera system (Tamburello et al, ), to assess the Total (H 2 O+CO 2 +SO 2 ) Volatile Flux (TVF) from Pacaya. The source (mantle versus slab) origin of the emitted magmatic volatiles is also explored by putting the inferred CO 2 /SO 2 signature of Pacaya gas in the context of regional (CAVA) gas versus trace element (in source magmas) relationships (Aiuppa et al, ), and by reporting on the first 3 He/ 4 He results for olivine‐hosted fluid inclusions from a set of recent Pacaya lavas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Magmatic Gas Signature of Pacaya Volcano, With Implications for the Volcanic CO₂ Flux From Guatemala

Battaglia

Bitetto

Aiuppa

et al. 2018

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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Pacaya volcano in Guatemala is one of the most active volcanoes of the Central American Volcanic Arc (CAVA). However, its magmatic gas signature and volatile output have received little attention to date. Here, we present novel volcanic gas information from in‐situ (Multi‐GAS) and remote (UV camera) plume observations in January 2016. We find in‐plume H2O/SO2 and CO2/SO2 ratios of 2‐20 and 0.6‐10.5, and an end‐member magmatic gas signature of 80.5 mol. % H2O, 10.4 mol. % CO2, and 9.0 mol. % SO2. The SO2 flux is evaluated at 885 ± 550 tons/d. This, combined with co‐acquired volcanic plume composition, leads to H2O and CO2 fluxes of 2,230 ± 1,390 and 700 ± 440, and a total volatile flux of ∼3,800 tons/d. We use these results in tandem with previous SO2 flux budgets for Fuego and Santiaguito to estimate the total volcanic CO2 flux from Guatemala at ∼1,160 ± 600 tons/day. This calculation is based upon CO2/total S (St) ratios for Fuego (1.5 ± 0.75) and Santiaguito (1.4 ± 0.75) inferred from a gas (CO2/St ratio) versus trace‐element (Ba/La ratio) CAVA relationship. The H2O‐poor and low CO2/St ratio (∼1.0‐1.5) signature of Pacaya gas suggests dominant mantle‐wedge derivation of the emitted volatiles. This is consistent with 3He/4He ratios in olivine hosted fluid inclusions (FIs), which range between 8.4 and 9.0 Ra (being Ra the atmospheric 3He/4He ratio) at the upper limit of MORB range (8 ± 1 Ra). These values are the highest ever measured in CAVA and among the highest ever recorded in arc volcanoes worldwide, indicating negligible 4He contributions from the crust/slab.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Magmatic Gas Signature of Pacaya Volcano, With Implications for the Volcanic CO₂ Flux From Guatemala

Battaglia

Bitetto

Aiuppa

et al. 2018

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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“…High temporal resolution gas measurements initially focused on Italian volcanoes, where the first permanent MultiGAS networks were installed [ Aiuppa et al ., ], and where a peculiar CO 2 ‐rich magmatism [ Métrich et al ., ; Kamenetsky et al ., ] makes gas CO 2 /SO 2 ratios a particularly suitable monitoring parameter. Recent work at Redoubt in the Aleutians [ Werner et al ., ], Bezymianny in Kamchatka [ Lopez et al ., ], and Turrialba in Costa Rica [ de Moor et al ., ], all belonging to the category of CO 2 ‐poor (Group 1) volcanoes of Aiuppa et al ., [], indicates that precursory changes in the volcanic gas CO 2 /SO 2 ratio do occur in wide‐ranging volcano contexts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A CO₂‐gas precursor to the March 2015 Villarrica volcano eruption

Aiuppa

Bitetto

Francofonte

et al. 2017

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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We present here the first volcanic gas compositional time‐series taken prior to a paroxysmal eruption of Villarrica volcano (Chile). Our gas plume observations were obtained using a fully autonomous Multi‐component Gas Analyser System (Multi‐GAS) in the 3 month‐long phase of escalating volcanic activity that culminated into the 3 March 2015 paroxysm, the largest since 1985. Our results demonstrate a temporal evolution of volcanic plume composition, from low CO2/SO2 ratios (0.65‐2.7) during November 2014‐January 2015 to CO2/SO2 ratios up to ≈ 9 then after. The H2O/CO2 ratio simultaneously declined to <38 in the same temporal interval. We use results of volatile saturation models to demonstrate that this evolution toward CO2‐enriched gas was likely caused by unusual supply of deeply sourced gas bubbles. We propose that separate ascent of over‐pressured gas bubbles, originating from at least 20‐35 MPa pressures, was the driver for activity escalation toward the 3 March climax.

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“…Changes in the magma degassing behavior and/or the hydrothermal systems beneath volcanoes generally influence the gas composition and gas fluxes. Measuring the emitted gas composition can provide crucial information on understanding subsurface processes related to activity changes (e.g., Allard et al, 1991;Aiuppa et al, 2007;Bobrowski and Giuffrida, 2012;de Moor et al, 2016a;Liotta et al, 2017) and help to estimate fluxes of the geological carbon cycle (e.g., Burton et al, 2013;Mason et al, 2017) and tectonic processes controlling volcanic degassing (e.g., Aiuppa et al, 2017;de Moor et al 2017). In the field of volcanic monitoring, the observation of gas composition changes has become an important tool for detecting precursory processes for volcanic eruptions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementation of electrochemical, optical and denuder-based sensors and sampling techniques on UAV for volcanic gas measurements: examples from Masaya, Turrialba and Stromboli volcanoes

Rüdiger

Tirpitz

Moor³

et al. 2018

Atmos. Meas. Tech.

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Abstract. Volcanoes are a natural source of several reactive gases (e.g., sulfur and halogen containing species) and nonreactive gases (e.g., carbon dioxide) to the atmosphere. The relative abundance of carbon and sulfur in volcanic gas as well as the total sulfur dioxide emission rate from a volcanic vent are established parameters in current volcanomonitoring strategies, and they oftentimes allow insights into subsurface processes. However, chemical reactions involving halogens are thought to have local to regional impact on the atmospheric chemistry around passively degassing volcanoes. In this study we demonstrate the successful deployment of a multirotor UAV (quadcopter) system with custom-made lightweight payloads for the compositional analysis and gas flux estimation of volcanic plumes. The various applications and their potential are presented and discussed in example studies at three volcanoes encompassing flight heights of 450 to 3300 m and various states of volcanic activity. Field applications were performed at Stromboli volcano (Italy), Turrialba volcano (Costa Rica) and Masaya volcano (Nicaragua). Two in situ gas-measuring systems adapted for autonomous airborne measurements, based on electrochemical and optical detection principles, as well as an airborne sampling unit, are introduced. We show volcanic gas composition results including abundances of CO 2 , SO 2 and halogen species. The new instrumental setups were compared with established instruments during ground-based measurements at Masaya volcano, which resulted in CO 2 / SO 2 ratios of 3.6 ± 0.4. For total SO 2 flux estimations a small differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) system measured SO 2 column amounts on transversal flights below the plume at Turrialba volcano, giving 1776 ± 1108 T d −1 and 1616 ± 1007 T d −1 of SO 2 during two traverses. At Stromboli volcano, elevated CO 2 / SO 2 ratios were observed at spatial and temporal proximity to explosions by airborne in situ measurements. Reactive bromine to sulfur ratios of 0.19 × 10 −4 to 9.8 × 10 −4 were measured in situ in the plume of Stromboli volcano, downwind of the vent.

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Along-arc, inter-arc and arc-to-arc variations in volcanic gas CO 2 /S T ratios reveal dual source of carbon in arc volcanism

Cited by 138 publications

References 372 publications

The Magmatic Gas Signature of Pacaya Volcano, With Implications for the Volcanic CO₂ Flux From Guatemala

The Magmatic Gas Signature of Pacaya Volcano, With Implications for the Volcanic CO₂ Flux From Guatemala

A CO₂‐gas precursor to the March 2015 Villarrica volcano eruption

Implementation of electrochemical, optical and denuder-based sensors and sampling techniques on UAV for volcanic gas measurements: examples from Masaya, Turrialba and Stromboli volcanoes

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Along-arc, inter-arc and arc-to-arc variations in volcanic gas CO 2 /S T ratios reveal dual source of carbon in arc volcanism

Cited by 138 publications

References 372 publications

The Magmatic Gas Signature of Pacaya Volcano, With Implications for the Volcanic CO2 Flux From Guatemala

The Magmatic Gas Signature of Pacaya Volcano, With Implications for the Volcanic CO2 Flux From Guatemala

A CO2‐gas precursor to the March 2015 Villarrica volcano eruption

Implementation of electrochemical, optical and denuder-based sensors and sampling techniques on UAV for volcanic gas measurements: examples from Masaya, Turrialba and Stromboli volcanoes

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

The Magmatic Gas Signature of Pacaya Volcano, With Implications for the Volcanic CO₂ Flux From Guatemala

The Magmatic Gas Signature of Pacaya Volcano, With Implications for the Volcanic CO₂ Flux From Guatemala

A CO₂‐gas precursor to the March 2015 Villarrica volcano eruption