Alpha-delta sleep

Hauri, Peter; Hawkins, David R.

doi:10.1016/0013-4694(73)90250-2

Cited by 197 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The frequent intrusion of alpha activity in the sleep of psychiatric patients was described in detail by Hauri and Hawkins (1973). As alpha intrusion was, like in the present study, especially related to SWS, such a sleep-EEG pattern was termed as alpha-delta sleep or alpha anomaly and was connected to increased autonomic activation and arousal in sleep.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

“…As alpha intrusion was, like in the present study, especially related to SWS, such a sleep-EEG pattern was termed as alpha-delta sleep or alpha anomaly and was connected to increased autonomic activation and arousal in sleep. However, alpha activity in alpha-delta sleep has characteristics other than occipital waking or arousalrelated alpha activity, being generally 1-2 cycles slower and showing a fronto-central topographic distribution (Hauri and Hawkins, 1973). Furthermore, it also occurs in healthy subjects, free from clinical disorders or complaints of sleep disturbances.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Changes of Sleep Architecture, Spectral Composition of Sleep EEG, the Nocturnal Secretion of Cortisol, ACTH, GH, Prolactin, Melatonin, Ghrelin, and Leptin, and the DEX-CRH Test in Depressed Patients during Treatment with Mirtazapine

Schmid

Wichniak

Uhr

et al. 2005

Neuropsychopharmacol

146

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The noradrenergic and specific serotoninergic antidepressant mirtazapine improves sleep, modulates hormone secretion including blunting of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) activity, and may prompt increased appetite and weight gain. The simultaneous investigation of sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) and hormone secretion during antidepressive treatment helps to further elucidate these effects. We examined sleep EEG (for later conventional and quantitative analyses) and the nocturnal concentrations of cortisol, adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), growth hormone (GH), prolactin, melatonin and the key factors of energy balance, ghrelin, and leptin before and after 28 days of treatment of depressed patients (seven women, three men, mean age 39.974.2 years) with mirtazapine. In addition, a sleep EEG was recorded at day 2 and the dexamethasone-corticotropin-releasing hormone (DEX-CRH) test was performed to assess HPA activity at days À3 and 26. Psychometry and mirtazapine plasma concentrations were measured weekly. Already at day 2, sleep continuity was improved. This effect persisted at day 28, when slow-wave sleep, low-delta, theta and alpha activity, leptin and (0300-0700) melatonin increased, and cortisol and ghrelin decreased. ACTH and prolactin remained unchanged. The first two specimens of GH collected after the start of quantitative EEG analysis were reduced at day 28. The DEX-CRH test showed, at day 26, a blunting of the overshoot of ACTH and cortisol found at day À3. The Hamilton Depression score decreased from 32.177.3 to 15.576.7 between days À1 and 28. A weight gain of approximately 3 kg was observed. This unique profile of changes is compatible with the action of mirtazapine at 5-HT-2 receptors, at presynaptic adrenergic alpha 2 receptors, at the HPA system, and on ghrelin and leptin.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes of Sleep Architecture, Spectral Composition of Sleep EEG, the Nocturnal Secretion of Cortisol, ACTH, GH, Prolactin, Melatonin, Ghrelin, and Leptin, and the DEX-CRH Test in Depressed Patients during Treatment with Mirtazapine

Schmid

Wichniak

Uhr

et al. 2005

Neuropsychopharmacol

146

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“…Intrusion of alpha activity in non-REM sleep is frequently present in patients with fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue and non-restorative sleep (Anch et al 1991;Branco et al 1994;Moldofsky et al 1975;Olsen et al 2013), arthritis (Mahowald et al 1989), insomnia (Martinez et al 2010;Riedner et al 2016) and depression (Hauri and Hawkins 1973;Jaimchariyatam et al 2011). Although it may be seen in asymptomatic subjects (Scheuler et al 1983;Horne and Shackell 1991), its prevalence and extent are clearly greater in these disorders such that a clinical association is well established.…”

Section: Assessment Of Alpha Intrusion (Alpha-delta Sleep)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The case for using digital EEG analysis in clinical sleep medicine

Younes

2017

Sleep Science Practice

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Evaluation of sleep in clinical polysomnograms continues to rely almost exclusively on visual scoring that implements rules proposed by Rechtschaffen and Kales nearly 50 years ago. Apart from its cost and timeconsuming nature, visual scoring has limitations including: A) Sleep depth, which is a continuous variable, is treated as if it changes in a stepwise fashion from light (stage 1), to intermediate (stage 2) to deep (stage 3). B) Even with this limited scale, there is considerable inter-scorer variability, particularly in scoring stages 1 and 3 of non-REM sleep, thereby adding uncertainty to %time spent in these stages as a reliable metric for evaluating sleep depth. C) Limitation in scoring some of EEG features, including 1) arousal intensity, 2) extent of Alpha intrusion and 3) frequency, and characteristics of sleep spindles and K complexes. Digital analysis can solve these problems but producing a reliable system has been a challenge. In this review I begin with recent advances in digital scoring of sleep according to the Rechtschaffen and Kales rules and conclude that this technology has progressed enough to make it possible to obtain reliable, reproducible scoring, comparable in accuracy to scoring by highly experienced technologists, with minimal editing. This is followed by description of several new metrics that can be obtained if digital scoring systems were to be used routinely in clinical studies. The scientific evidence supporting the potential of these metrics to positively impact sleep medicine practice and the wide range of such metrics in patients studied in the sleep laboratory are highlighted.

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“…Also, limited information exists on sleep and chronic pain in pediatric cases. The intrusion of alpha in slow wave sleep (SWS) called alpha-delta sleep has been described as an EEG pattern that can be seen in chronic painful physical conditions in adults (8)(9)(10)(11). It can be demonstrated in subjects with fibromyalgia and rheumatoid arthritis (6,12), but alpha-EEG sleep has also been reported in symptom-free subjects (8,13).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Delta sleep instability in children with chronic arthritis

Lopes

Guilleminault

Rosa³

et al. 2008

Braz J Med Biol Res

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The objective of the present study was to evaluate the expression of a cyclic alternating pattern (CAP) in slow wave sleep (SWS) in children with the well-defined chronic syndrome juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Twelve patients (9-17 years of age), 7 girls, with JIA were compared to matched controls by age, pubertal stage and gender. After one night of habituation in the sleep laboratory, sleep measurements were obtained by standard polysomnography with conventional sleep scoring and additional CAP analyses. The sleep parameters of the JIA and control groups were similar for sleep efficiency (91.1 ± 6.7 vs 95.8 ± 4.0), sleep stage in minutes: stage 1 (16.8 ± 8.5 vs 17.8 ± 4.0), stage 2 (251.9 ± 41 vs 262.8 ± 38.1), stage 3 (17.0 ± 6.0 vs 15.1 ± 5.7), stage 4 (61.0 ± 21.7 vs 77.1 ± 20.4), and rapid eye movement sleep (82.0 ± 27.6 vs 99.0 ± 23.9), respectively. JIA patients presented nocturnal disrupted sleep, with an increase in short awakenings, but CAP analyses showed that sleep disruption was present even during SWS, showing an increase in the overall CAP rate (P < 0.01). Overall CAP rate during non-rapid eye movement sleep was significantly higher in pediatric patients who were in chronic pain. This is the first study of CAP in pediatric patients with chronic arthritis showing that CAP analyses can be a powerful tool for the investigation of disturbance of SWS in children, based on sleep EEG visual analysis.

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Alpha-delta sleep

Cited by 197 publications

References 4 publications

Changes of Sleep Architecture, Spectral Composition of Sleep EEG, the Nocturnal Secretion of Cortisol, ACTH, GH, Prolactin, Melatonin, Ghrelin, and Leptin, and the DEX-CRH Test in Depressed Patients during Treatment with Mirtazapine

Changes of Sleep Architecture, Spectral Composition of Sleep EEG, the Nocturnal Secretion of Cortisol, ACTH, GH, Prolactin, Melatonin, Ghrelin, and Leptin, and the DEX-CRH Test in Depressed Patients during Treatment with Mirtazapine

The case for using digital EEG analysis in clinical sleep medicine

Delta sleep instability in children with chronic arthritis

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