Alpha-Fetoprotein and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Immunity

Wang, Xiaoping; Wang, Qiaoxia

doi:10.1155/2018/9049252

Cited by 114 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…The effect of immunotherapy relies on the recognition of antigens expressed on cancer cells by the patient's immune system, which subsequently attacks and eliminates the malignant cells. It has long been proposed that AFP as an oncofetal antigen can become a target for immunotherapy because it features potentially immunogenic epitopes and is not expressed in healthy individuals after birth . In addition, AFP promotes the proliferation of liver cancer, which makes it an even more worthy immunotherapeutic target.…”

Section: Afp As a Tumour Antigen In Hccmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Naturally, the immune system is tolerant against AFP being a self‐protein, and only low immunity is mounted against the protein in HCC patients despite high plasma levels . To overcome this tolerance, several AFP‐based immune interventions have been tested in the past, which have, however, been mainly limited to animal models . Further studies are needed to demonstrate a benefit of AFP‐based immunotherapies in HCC patients.…”

Section: Afp As a Tumour Antigen In Hccmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biology and significance of alpha‐fetoprotein in hepatocellular carcinoma

Galle

Foerster

Kudo

et al. 2019

Liver International

421

284

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Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common causes of cancer-related deaths globally due, in part, to the majority of patients being diagnosed with intermediate or advanced stage disease. Our increased understanding of the heterogeneous molecular pathogenesis of HCC has led to significant developments in novel targeted therapies. Despite these advances, there remains a high unmet need for new treatment options. HCC is a complex disease with multiple pathogenic mechanisms caused by a variety of risk factors, making it difficult to characterize with a single biomarker.In fact, numerous biomarkers have been studied in HCC, but alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) remains the most widely used and accepted serum marker since its discovery over 60 years ago. This review summarizes the most relevant studies associated with the regulation of AFP at the gene and protein levels; the pathophysiology of AFP as a pro-proliferative protein; and the correlation of AFP with molecular HCC subclasses, the vascular endothelial growth factor pathway and angiogenesis. Also described are | 2215 GALLE Et AL.

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Section: Afp As a Tumour Antigen In Hccmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Afp As a Tumour Antigen In Hccmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biology and significance of alpha‐fetoprotein in hepatocellular carcinoma

Galle

Foerster

Kudo

et al. 2019

Liver International

421

284

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“…HCC is associated with increased expression levels of α-fetoprotein (AFP) (4). AFP is a serum glycoprotein that has been widely used as a conventional biomarker for HCC (5).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Downregulation of GNA14 in hepatocellular carcinoma indicates an unfavorable prognosis

Tao

Wenjing

2020

Oncol Lett

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Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit α14 (GNA14) knockdown was demonstrated to inhibit the proliferation of endometrial carcinoma cells in a recent study; however, its role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is unknown. In the present study, the clinical significance of GNA14 in HCC was assessed using a dataset of patients with HCC from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. The Integrative Molecular Database of Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Oncomine databases were also used to identify the expression levels of GNA14 in HCC tissues. The association between GNA14 expression levels and clinicopathological features was assessed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test and logistic regression analysis. Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression analysis were applied to evaluate the independent risk factors for clinical outcomes. The present study determined GNA14 DNA methylation levels and tumor-infiltrating immune cells, as well as used Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) in HCC. GNA14 mRNA expression levels were lower in HCC compared with normal tissues. Downregulation of GNA14 in HCC was significantly associated with tumor grade, clinical stage and T stage. Furthermore, low expression of GNA14 was an independent predictor for survival outcomes. GNA14 expression levels were partially correlated with the infiltration of B cells and macrophages. Additionally, GSEA analysis revealed that the expression levels of GNA14 were associated with multiple signaling pathways, such as translation, DNA replication, and homologous recombination.In conclusion, low GNA14 expression may be a novel biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis prediction for patients with HCC.

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“…The relationship between HCC and cirrhosis has been documented suggesting that Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) are the most prevalent causes of HCC [6,7]. HCC is usually diagnosed at intermediate and late stages due to its long incubation period and insidious onset [8]. Therefore early diagnosis in high-risk population as in chronic hepatitis-related liver cirrhosis by a reliable biomarker can improve the outcome of HCC [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma and its Validity as a Tumor Biomarker

Sadik¹,

Ahmed²,

Mohamed³

et al. 2019

TOBIOMJ

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Background: Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers associated with deaths worldwide and the presence of valid biomarkers for early diagnosis in high-risk patients can ameliorate the outcome of HCC. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) has been found to play an essential role in the process of HCC growth and progression. Objectives: Therefore, we evaluated the serum VEGF levels in patients with HCC and liver cirrhosis and estimated its significant value for differentiating HCC patients from liver cirrhosis patients. Material and methods: Eighty-one subjects were enrolled in the study, 30 patients had HCC, 31 patients had liver cirrhosis and 20 were healthy control subjects. VEGF and AFP were measured using ELIZA. Abdominal ultrasound and triphasic abdominal computed tomography were performed in all subjects. Receiver Operating Characteristics curve analysis was performed for serum VEGF to determine its validity as a tumor biomarker. Results: The median levels of the serum VEGF were highly expressed in the HCC group (418 pg/ml) and the liver cirrhosis group (308 pg/ml) with no significant difference (P = 0.767); however both groups showed a significant increase compared to the control group (0.8 pg/ml, P <0.000). Serum VEGF showed high sensitivity (100%) and high specificity (100%) in differentiating HCC patients from controls with a cut-off value of ≥ 64.2 pg/ml, although it showed low sensitivity (29.2%) and specificity (85.7%) for differentiating HCC patients from liver cirrhosis patients. Conclusion: VEGF can be used as a reliable biomarker for differentiating HCC patients from healthy subjects but it can't be used as a reliable biomarker for differentiating HCC patients from high-risk patients as liver cirrhosis. The elevated serum VEGF levels in HCC and liver cirrhosis patients can elucidate the crucial role of angiogenesis in HCC and liver cirrhosis.

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Alpha-Fetoprotein and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Immunity

Cited by 114 publications

References 71 publications

Biology and significance of alpha‐fetoprotein in hepatocellular carcinoma

Biology and significance of alpha‐fetoprotein in hepatocellular carcinoma

Downregulation of GNA14 in hepatocellular carcinoma indicates an unfavorable prognosis

Serum Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma and its Validity as a Tumor Biomarker

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