Alpha‐fetoprotein

doi:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1978.tb03896.x

Cited by 15 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 132 publications

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“…AFP is a very important clinical diagnosis biomarker for liver cancer and rectal cancer and is commonly determined by immunoassay methods. − We used our MLAI method to detect AFP (Figure and S12, SI). Under the optimum conditions, we observed a linear response of ASV peak current to the common logarithm of AFP concentration from 5 fg mL –1 to 500 ng mL –1 with a sensitivity of 99.4 μA dec –1 and a LOD of 1.6 fg mL –1 (S/N = 3) using our GRR-free MLAI method (gold label/silver staining only).…”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasensitive Immunoassay of Proteins Based on Gold Label/Silver Staining, Galvanic Replacement Reaction Enlargement, and in Situ Microliter-Droplet Anodic Stripping Voltammetry

Liu

Wang³

et al. 2016

J. Phys. Chem. C

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An ultrasensitive metal-labeled amperometric immunoassay (MLAI) method of proteins is reported, on the basis of multiple cycles of gold label/silver staining and galvanic replacement reactions (GRRs), followed by simultaneous chemical dissolution/cathodic preconcentration of silver for in situ microliter-droplet anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) detection on the immunoelectrode. Briefly, antibody 1 (Ab 1 ), bovine serum albumin (BSA), antigen, and Au nanoparticles functionalized with antibody 2 (Ab 2 −AuNPs) were successively anchored on a Au-plated glassy carbon electrode (GCE) to form a sandwich-type immunoelectrode (Ab 2 −AuNPs/antigen/BSA/Ab 1 /Au plate /GCE). Silver was selectively stained on the catalytic AuNPs surfaces through chemical reduction of silver cations by hydroquinone (gold label/silver staining). A beforehand "potential control" in air and then injection of 5 μL of 25% aqueous HNO 3 on the immunoelectrode surface for dissolution of the stained silver enabled rapid cathodic preconcentration of atomic silver onto the electrode surface as entirely as possible from the lysate, followed by ASV detection of silver. Multiple GRRs between HAuCl 4 and the stained silver were used to amplify the signal, and the stoichiometry of this GRR at the electrode surface was clarified by an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance. Under optimized conditions, this method was used for ultrasensitive quantitative analysis of human immunoglobulin G (IgG) and human α-fetoprotein (AFP), giving limits of detection (LODs, S/N = 3) of 0.2 fg mL −1 for IgG and of 0.1 fg mL −1 for AFP (equivalent to five molecules in the 6 μL samples employed for analysis of both proteins), ultrahigh sensitivity, excellent selectivity, and little consumption of reagent. The thermodynamic feasibility of such a single-molecule-level amperometric immunoassay (interface-based bioassay) is theoretically proven on the basis of a deduction of the thermodynamic equilibrium of the immunological reactions occurring at the electrode|solution interface.

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Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasensitive Immunoassay of Proteins Based on Gold Label/Silver Staining, Galvanic Replacement Reaction Enlargement, and in Situ Microliter-Droplet Anodic Stripping Voltammetry

Liu

Wang³

et al. 2016

J. Phys. Chem. C

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Changes in maternal serum alpha‐fetoprotein levels associated with intrauterine genetic diagnostic procedures

1984

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The amount of fetal-maternal transfusion during invasive intrauterine diagnostic instrumentation was determined by measuring the increase in maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (delta AFP) caused by the procedure. Fetal liver biopsy or fetoscopy for purposes other than blood sampling caused a mean delta AFP of 11.4 ng/ml and 34.2 ng/ml, respectively. Fetoscopy with fetal blood sampling produced a mean delta AFP of 211.8 ng/ml, while fetoscopy followed by placentesis caused a mean delta AFP of 462.8 ng/ml (representing a 1.07 ml fetal-maternal transfusion). Although this magnitude of fetal-maternal transfusion is an acceptable risk for the fetus, it is a sufficient transfusion to cause blood cell antigen sensitization.

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Gynecologic tumor markers

Olt

Berchuck

Bast

1990

Seminars in Surgical Oncology

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The advent of monoclonal technology has increased the potential utility of antibody-dependent tumor marker assays in gynecologic oncology. The availability of unlimited quantities of several pure monoclonal antibodies directed against novel epitopes on tumor-associated antigens has permitted development of highly sensitive assays for serum markers. Traditional assays for human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), NB/70K and TA-4 have been improved. CA 125 has provided a useful first-generation marker for monitoring ovarian cancer and triaging patients with pelvic masses, despite limitations in sensitivity and specificity. In the next decade, the challenge is to identify new markers that will complement CA 125 in monitoring ovarian cancer and facilitate screening for occult early-stage disease. Strategies involving multiple markers and modalities may be required. Some markers may emerge through a more fundamental knowledge of the biology of gynecologic neoplasms, including the expression of growth factors and their receptors. Finally, the application of monoclonal antibodies to immunohistochemistry and radionuclide imaging also may provide new areas of diagnostic application for monoclonal antibodies in gynecologic oncology.

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Alpha‐fetoprotein

Cited by 15 publications

References 132 publications

Ultrasensitive Immunoassay of Proteins Based on Gold Label/Silver Staining, Galvanic Replacement Reaction Enlargement, and in Situ Microliter-Droplet Anodic Stripping Voltammetry

Ultrasensitive Immunoassay of Proteins Based on Gold Label/Silver Staining, Galvanic Replacement Reaction Enlargement, and in Situ Microliter-Droplet Anodic Stripping Voltammetry

Changes in maternal serum alpha‐fetoprotein levels associated with intrauterine genetic diagnostic procedures

Gynecologic tumor markers

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