Alteration in articular cartilage of rat knee joints after spinal cord injury

Moriyama, Hideki; Yoshimura, Osamu; Kawamata, Seiichi; Takayanagi, Kunio; Kurose, Tomoyuki; Kubota, Akihito; Hosoda, Masataka; Tobimatsu, Yoshiko

doi:10.1016/j.joca.2007.07.002

Cited by 40 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The results of these animal studies have indicated that changes during immobilization may differ between different cartilage plates of the knee, 10 and showed different patterns of alterations between the superficial and deep cartilage, based on the different mechanical conditions specific for each site. 11 Taken together, we have previously verified the influence of mechanical forces on the articular cartilage after SCI and proposed that cartilage alterations would not be explained by only a suppression of mechanical forces; 9 however, because of the high interregion variability in morphologic cartilage properties, a previous experiment in only the medial knee cartilage did not allow us to reliably negate the influence of mechanical forces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…[5][6][7]9 The eight SCI animals were anesthetized by intraperitoneal administration of 40 mg kg À1 sodium pentobarbital. After the spinal cord was exposed by a laminectomy of the T8 vertebra, it was completely transected at the level of T8.…”

Section: Surgical Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cartilage thickness was defined as the distance between the cartilage surface and the osteochondral junction. 9,11,12 Histologic sections were digitized by a Â 4 microscope objective with a light microscope and a camera. At each region (anterior femoral, FA; posterior femoral, FP; anterior tibial, TA and posterior tibial, TP regions), a 1 mm long stretch of the cartilage surface was defined and the area of the cartilage under this stretch was measured, following the osteochondral junction.…”

Section: Tissue Preparation and Stainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We counted manually chondrocytes within the rectangular field. 9 Cartilage matrix staining. Under standardized light conditions, the histologic sections stained with toluidine blue were digitized as per the measurement of cartilage thickness.…”

Section: Tissue Preparation and Stainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, we have recently found the changes of the cartilage thickness, the number of chondrocytes and the cartilage matrix staining in the medial knee cartilage of rats with SCI. 9 Cartilage alterations after SCI have been described in relation to alterations obtained on various animal models with the suppression of mechanical forces by unloading and immobilization. The results of these animal studies have indicated that changes during immobilization may differ between different cartilage plates of the knee, 10 and showed different patterns of alterations between the superficial and deep cartilage, based on the different mechanical conditions specific for each site.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Contrasting alteration patterns of different cartilage plates in knee articular cartilage after spinal cord injury in rats

et al. 2008

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Study design: Experimental, controlled trial, animal study. Objective: To assess morphologic changes in different cartilage plates after spinal cord injury and identify the localization of these alterations. Setting: Saitama, Japan. Methods: A total of 16 Wistar rats were used. Eight rats underwent a spinal cord injury and eight rats had no intervention as control. The cartilage alterations of the knee joint were evaluated with radiography and histomorphometric analysis. To quantify cartilage alterations, we selected the histologic characteristics: thickness of the articular cartilage, number of chondrocytes, matrix staining to toluidine blue as a reflection of proteoglycan content and surface irregularity. Results: No differences in knee joints were found between the groups by radiography. In the medial knee joint, cartilage thickness of spinal-cord-injured knees increased at the anterior femoral region and decreased at the tibial and posterior femoral regions; however, in the lateral knee, that of spinal cord injuries did not change compared with control knees. Spinal cord injuries decreased the number of chondrocytes, especially at the anterior femoral regions. Matrix staining increased partially at the tibial regions. Surface irregularity of spinal-cord-injured knees was comparable to that of control knees in all cartilage plates. Conclusion: The present findings exhibit characteristics of the cartilage after spinal cord injury. These alterations were different in nature between the medial and lateral regions. Future studies should assess separately different cartilage plates, to overestimate these severities when the changes at the medial knee were examined and to underestimate when the changes at the lateral knee were examined.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Surgical Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Tissue Preparation and Stainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Tissue Preparation and Stainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Contrasting alteration patterns of different cartilage plates in knee articular cartilage after spinal cord injury in rats

et al. 2008

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Joint immobilization prevents murine osteoarthritis and reveals the highly mechanosensitive nature of protease expression in vivo

Burleigh¹,

Chanalaris²,

Gardiner³

et al. 2012

Arthritis & Rheumatism

139

175

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Objective. Mechanical joint loading is critical for the development of osteoarthritis (OA). Although once regarded as a disease of cartilage attrition, OA is now known to be controlled by the expression and activity of key proteases, such as ADAMTS-5, that drive matrix degradation. This study was undertaken to investigate the link between protease expression and mechanical joint loading in vivo.Methods. We performed a microarray analysis of genes expressed in the whole joint following surgical induction of murine OA (by cutting the medial meniscotibial ligament). Gene expression changes were validated by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction in whole joints and microdissected tissues of the joint, including the articular cartilage, meniscus, and epiphysis. Following surgery, mouse joints were immobilized, either by prolonged anesthesia or by sciatic neurectomy.Results. Many genes were regulated in the whole joint within 6 hours of surgical induction of OA in the mouse. These included Arg1, Ccl2, Il6, Tsg6, Mmp3, Il1b, Adamts5, Adamts4, and Adamts1. All of these were significantly regulated in the articular cartilage. When joints were immobilized by prolonged anesthesia, regulation of the vast majority of genes was abrogated. When joints were immobilized by sciatic neurectomy, regulation of selected genes was abrogated, and OA was prevented up to 12 weeks postsurgery.Conclusion. These findings indicate that gene expression in the mouse joint following the induction of OA is rapid and highly mechanosensitive. Regulated genes include the known pathogenic protease ADAMTS-5. Targeting the mechanosensing

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Diffusion tractography of the rat knee at microscopic resolution

Wang

Mirando

Cofer

et al. 2019

Magnetic Resonance in Med

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Purpose To evaluate whole knee joint tractography, including articular cartilage, ligaments, meniscus, and growth plate using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) at microscopic resolution. Methods Three rat knee joints were scanned using a modified 3D diffusion‐weighted spin echo pulse sequence with 90‐ and 45‐μm isotropic spatial resolution at 9.4T. The b values varied from 250 to 1250 s/mm2 with 4 times undersampling in phase directions. Fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) were compared at different spatial resolution and b values. Tractography was evaluated at multiple b values and angular resolutions in different connective tissues, and compared with conventional histology. The mean tract length and tract volume in various types of tissues were also quantified. Results DTI metrics (FA and MD) showed consistent quantitative results at 90‐ and 45‐μm isotropic spatial resolutions. Tractography of various connective tissues was found to be sensitive to the spatial resolution, angular resolution, and diffusion weightings. Higher spatial resolution (45 μm) supported tracking the cartilage collagen fiber tracts from the superficial zone to the deep zone, in a continuous and smooth progression in the transitional zone. Fiber length and fiber volume in the growth plate were strongly dependent on angular resolution and b values, whereas tractography in ligaments was found to be less dependent on spatial resolution. Conclusion High spatial and angular resolution DTI and diffusion tractography can be valuable for knee joint research because of its visualization capacity for collagen fiber orientations and quantitative evaluation of tissue’s microscopic properties.

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Alteration in articular cartilage of rat knee joints after spinal cord injury

Abstract: Cartilage alterations after SCI would not be explained by only a suppression of mechanical forces by unloading and immobilization, but there may be influences on the cartilage in addition to the change in mechanical forces.

Cited by 40 publications

References 33 publications

Contrasting alteration patterns of different cartilage plates in knee articular cartilage after spinal cord injury in rats

Contrasting alteration patterns of different cartilage plates in knee articular cartilage after spinal cord injury in rats

Joint immobilization prevents murine osteoarthritis and reveals the highly mechanosensitive nature of protease expression in vivo

Diffusion tractography of the rat knee at microscopic resolution

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