Alteration of articular cartilage frictional properties by transforming growth factor β, interleukin‐1β, and oncostatin M

Abstract

Objective. To evaluate the functional effects of transforming growth factor ␤1 (TGF␤1), interleukin-1␤ (IL-1␤), and oncostatin M (OSM) on the frictional properties of articular cartilage and to determine the role of cytokine-mediated changes in cartilage frictional properties by extracting and redepositing lubricin on the surface of cartilage explants.Methods. Neonatal bovine cartilage explants were cultured in the presence or absence of 10 ng/ml of TGF␤1, IL-1␤, or OSM over 48 hours. Boundary lubrication tests were conducted to determine the effects of endogenously produced surface localized lubricin and of exogenous lubricin at the tissue surface and in the lubricant solution. The initial friction coefficient ( 0 ), equilibrium friction coefficient ( eq ), and Young's modulus (E Y ) were determined from the temporal load data.Results. IL-1␤ and OSM decreased tissue glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content by ϳ20% over 48 hours and decreased E Y to a similar extent (11-17%), but TGF␤ did not alter GAG content or E Y . Alterations in proteoglycan content corresponded to changes in 0 , but endogenous lubricin decreased boundary mode eq . The addition of exogenous lubricin, either localized at the tissue surface or in the lubricating solution, did not modulate 0 , but it did lower eq in cytokine-treated cartilage.Conclusion. This study provides new insight into the functional consequences of cytokine-mediated changes in friction coefficient. In combination with established pathways of cytokine-mediated lubricin metabolism, these data provide evidence of distinct biochemical origins of boundary and biphasic pressuremediated lubrication mechanisms in cartilage, with boundary lubrication regulated by surface accumulation of lubricants and biphasic lubrication controlled by factors such as GAG content that affect water movement through the tissue.

Experimental study on the role of intra‐articular injection of MSCs on cartilage regeneration in haemophilia

“…The significant decrease in COF in MSCs group of the present study was consistent with the significant COF decrease in equine synovial fluid soaked, MSCs alginate construct by 10% after 4 weeks of MSCs culture and by 20% after 6 weeks of MSCS culture [47]. Moreover, the decrease in COF might be as a consequence of slight decrease in IL-1b and TNF-a in MSCs group [48]. The objectives of cartilage repair are support and load distribution as mechanical properties and low friction provided by proper lubrication and normal cartilage structure.…”

“…Most of the outcome measures including WOMAC questionnaire are subjective [44][45][46]. Moreover, the decrease in COF might be as a consequence of slight decrease in IL-1b and TNF-a in MSCs group [48]. The significant decrease in COF in MSCs group of the present study was consistent with the significant COF decrease in equine synovial fluid soaked, MSCs alginate construct by 10% after 4 weeks of MSCs culture and by 20% after 6 weeks of MSCS culture [47].…”

Analysis of frictional behavior and changes in morphology resulting from cartilage articulation with porous polyurethane foams

“…25,29,52 Briefly, cylindrical full thickness osteochondral samples (n ¼ 144) were harvested with a biopsy punch using aseptic techniques from the patellofemoral groove of 11 stifle joints of 1-to 3-day-old calves. Cartilage was removed from the bone with a scalpel resulting in 6 mm diameter and $2 mm thick cartilage samples with the articular surface intact.…”

“…Cartilage adjacent to the cylindrical sample areas was also harvested in a similar manner for histological analysis of the native tissue. Cartilage samples were placed in tissue culture using standard culture media 15,52 and friction tested within 5 days after harvest. Equine synovial fluid (ESF) from the stifle joints of three skeletally mature horses (ages 3-5 years) (College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY) was aspirated, visually inspected to ensure it was free of blood and contaminants, pooled, and stored at À208C for no more than 3 months.…”

Posttraumatic knee osteoarthritis following anterior cruciate ligament injury: Potential biochemical mediators of degenerative alteration and specific biochemical markers

“…Additionally, a number of cytokines and growth factors are involved in the regulation of lubricin expression in the ACL-injured knee. As an anabolic factor, TGF-β1 upregulates the synthesis and surface localization of lubricin (67,68), whereas IL-1 or TNF downregulate the production of lubricin (69,70). In an animal model of posttraumatic arthritis, it has been demonstrated that blocking TNF increases lubricin production on the surface of articular cartilage (71).…”