Alteration of circulating antibody response of mice exposed to 9‐GHz pulsed microwaves

Liddle, Charles G.; Putnam, J.P.; Ail, J.S.; Lewis, J.Y.; Bell, Brianne E.; West, Michael R.; Lewter, O.H.

doi:10.1002/bem.2250010406

Cited by 12 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…In many cases, thermal effects could account for the observed effects on immune cells as exemplified by the effect on natural killer cells, the activity of which is affected by temperature and/ or stress hormones (5,13,14). However, another study describing experiments conducted under isothermal conditions reported an increase in lymphocyte proliferation that was due to RF-radiation exposure and not to heating (15).…”

Section: Table 3 Expression Of Activation Markers In T and B Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects ofIn VivoExposure to GSM-Modulated 900 MHz Radiation on Mouse Peripheral Lymphocytes

et al. 2003

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The aim of this study was to evaluate whether daily whole-body exposure to 900 MHz GSM-modulated radiation could affect spleen lymphocytes. C57BL/6 mice were exposed 2 h/day for 1, 2 or 4 weeks in a TEM cell to an SAR of 1 or 2 W/kg. Untreated and sham-exposed groups were also examined. At the end of the exposure, mice were killed humanely and spleen cells were collected. The number of spleen cells, the percentages of B and T cells, and the distribution of T-cell subpopulations (CD4 and CD8) were not altered by the exposure. T and B cells were also stimulated ex vivo using specific monoclonal antibodies or LPS to induce cell proliferation, cytokine production and expression of activation markers. The results did not show relevant differences in either T or B lymphocytes from mice exposed to an SAR of 1 or 2 W/kg and sham-exposed mice with few exceptions. After 1 week of exposure to 1 or 2 W/kg, an increase in IFN-gamma (Ifng) production was observed that was not evident when the exposure was prolonged to 2 or 4 weeks. This suggests that the immune system might have adapted to RF radiation as it does with other stressing agents. All together, our in vivo data indicate that the T- and B-cell compartments were not substantially affected by exposure to RF radiation and that a clinically relevant effect of RF radiation on the immune system is unlikely to occur.

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Section: Table 3 Expression Of Activation Markers In T and B Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite this important consideration, there have been few in vivo experiments on the effects of microwave radiation from personal telecommunication devices on the immune system. Moreover, these few experiments showed some contrasting results and still leave open the question of whether RF radiation may affect the immune system (3)(4)(5).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects ofIn VivoExposure to GSM-Modulated 900 MHz Radiation on Mouse Peripheral Lymphocytes

et al. 2003

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Suppression of T‐lymphocyte cytotoxicity following exposure to sinusoidally amplitude‐modulated fields

Lyle

Schechter

Adey

et al. 1983

Bioelectromagnetics

103

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Significant inhibition of allogeneic cytotoxicity of the target cell MPC-11 by the murine cytotoxic T-lymphocyte line CTLL-1 was observed when the 4-h cytotoxicity assay was conducted in the presence of a 450-MHz field sinusoidally amplitude-modulated at 60 Hz. Exposure of the effector cells to the field prior to adding them to the target cells in the cytolytic assay resulted in a similar inhibition, suggesting a direct interaction of the field with the cytolytic T lymphocyte. The inhibition was preferentially expressed during the early allogeneic recognition phase. Field-exposed cytolytic cells recovered their full cytolytic capacity in 12.5 h. A differential susceptibility was observed with modulation frequencies from 0 to 100 Hz. Peak suppression occurred at 60 Hz modulation, with progressively smaller effects at 40, 16, and 3 Hz. The unmodulated carrier wave did not affect the cytotoxicity. Effects with 80- and 100-Hz modulation were smaller than at 60 Hz. These results demonstrate an inhibitory but recoverable effect by certain amplitude modulations of weak nonionizing radiation upon the cell-mediated cytolytic immune response.

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Circulating antibody response of mice exposed to 9‐GHz pulsed microwave radiation

Liddle

Putnam

Lewter

et al. 1986

Bioelectromagnetics

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Female CD-1 mice immunized against the bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae type III were exposed to 9-GHz pulsed microwaves (pulse repetition rate 970-1,000, pulse width 1.0 microseconds, peak power 1 W/cm2) at an average incident power density of 1 mW/cm2 (calculated SAR congruent to 0.47 W/kg) for 2 h per day for 5 days. Circulating antibody titers for the microwave-exposed animals were not significantly different from those of the sham-irradiated animals, and there were no differences in any of the hematological parameters analyzed, indicating that 9-GHz pulsed microwaves at 1 mW/cm2 do not alter the immune response of mice immunized against S pneumoniae.

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Alteration of circulating antibody response of mice exposed to 9‐GHz pulsed microwaves

Cited by 12 publications

References 8 publications

Effects ofIn VivoExposure to GSM-Modulated 900 MHz Radiation on Mouse Peripheral Lymphocytes

Effects ofIn VivoExposure to GSM-Modulated 900 MHz Radiation on Mouse Peripheral Lymphocytes

Suppression of T‐lymphocyte cytotoxicity following exposure to sinusoidally amplitude‐modulated fields

Circulating antibody response of mice exposed to 9‐GHz pulsed microwave radiation

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