Alteration of pentylenetetrazole-induced seizure threshold by chronic administration of ginger (Zingiber officinale) extract in male mice

Abstract

Context: Zingiber officinale Roscoe (Zingiberaceae), or ginger, used in traditional Chinese medicine, has antioxidant activity and neuroprotective effects. The effects of this plant on clonic seizure have not yet been studied. Objective: The present study evaluated the anticonvulsant effect of ginger in a model of clonic seizures induced with pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) in male mice. Materials and methods: The anticonvulsant effect of Z. officinale was investigated using i.v. PTZ-induced seizure models in mice. Different doses of the hydroethanolic extract of Z. officinale (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg) were administered intraperitonal (i.p.), daily for 1 week before induction of PTZ. Phenobarbital sodium (30 mg/kg), a reference standard, was also tested for comparison. The effect of ginger on to the appearance of three separate seizure endpoints, e.g., myoclonic, generalized clonic, and tonic extension phase, was recorded. Results: Hydroethanolic extract of Z. officinale significantly increased the onset time of myoclonic seizure at doses of 25-100 mg/kg (55.33 ± 1.91 versus 24.47 ± 1.33 mg/kg, p50.001) and significantly prevented generalized clonic (74.64 ± 3.52 versus 47.72 ± 2.31 mg/kg, p50.001) and increased the threshold for the forelimb tonic extension (102.6 ± 5.39 versus 71.82 ± 7.82 mg/kg, p50.01) seizure induced by PTZ compared with the control group. Discussion and conclusion: Based on the results, the hydroethanolic extract of ginger has anticonvulsant effects, possibly through an interaction with inhibitory and excitatory systems, antioxidant mechanisms, and oxidative stress inhibition. KeywordsAnticonvulsant effect, antioxidant activity, clonic seizure, forelimb/hindlimbs tonic extension, neuroprotective effect, PTZ-induced seizure, traditional Chinese medicine History

6-Gingerol, a Major Constituent of Zingiber officinale Rhizoma, Exerts Anticonvulsant Activity in the Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Seizure Model in Larval Zebrafish

“…Moreover, their beneficial effects were previously reported in Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease [ 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 ], depression [ 52 , 53 ], stress [ 54 ], and anxiety [ 55 , 56 ] in animal models. The anticonvulsant effect of ginger extract in the intravenous PTZ seizure test in mice has also been reported [ 24 , 25 ]. However, neither the influence of individual ingredients of the ginger extracts, mainly gingerols and shogaols, nor the mechanism of anticonvulsant activity of ginger extracts/constituents has been previously investigated.…”

“…The latter components, called gingerols and shogaols, which are responsible for the pungent taste of the rhizome, were recently proven to cross the blood–brain barrier [ 19 ] and exhibit central activity that includes the monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) inhibition [ 20 ], migraine relief [ 21 ], dendritic cell activity amelioration [ 22 ], and neuroprotective action [ 23 ]. Previously, Zingiber officinale hydroethanolic extract was shown to exert antiseizure activity in the acute intravenous PTZ test and PTZ-kindling model in mice, but active constituents responsible for this effect have not been determined [ 24 , 25 ]. More recently, using the PTZ-induced hyperlocomotion assay in larval zebrafish, Brillatz et al [ 26 ] indicated that the hexane extract of Zingiber purpureum possesses anticonvulsant properties, with two active phenylbutenoids, i.e., trans - and cis -banglene, being responsible for this effect.…”

Protective effect on phenytoin-induced cognition deficit in pentylenetetrazol kindled mice: A repertoire ofGlycyrrhiza glabraflavonoid antioxidants

“…In the present study, the PTZ model was used to induce epileptic kindling and cognition deficit, as it is a wellestablished animal model which simulates clinical epilepsy (Golechha et al, 2010;Hosseini & Mirazi, 2015). PTZ kindling in rodents have been associated with neuronal damage in the hippocampus due to free radicals generation which results in memory loss (Pohle et al, 1997).…”

The anticonvulsant and neuroprotective effects of the Tanacetum Polycephalum hydroalcoholic extract against the experimental pentylenetetrazol‐induced model of the seizures in the male Wistar rats

“…The extraction method was performed according to the references and the previous works. 10 This means that about 1000 g of the leaves of the specified plant got prepared, cleaned, and dried in the shade and by the mechanical crushers changed into powder. To prepare the ethanol extract, the powder of the plant was soaked in 1000 mL of ethanol 60% for 24 hours in three times; then, the elicited mixture was filtered and concentrated in vacuum at a temperature of 45°C with the help of a Rotary device (EYEL A, Japan; the amount of the obtained dried extract was 37.8 percent).…”