Alteration of Rumen Bacteria and Protozoa Through Grazing Regime as a Tool to Enhance the Bioactive Fatty Acid Content of Bovine Milk

Bainbridge, Melissa L.; Saldinger, Laurel K.; Barlow, John W.; Alvez, Juan P.; Roman, Joe; Kraft, Jana

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2018.00904

Cited by 20 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…The proportions of anteiso-C15:0 and C15:0 observed in the current study are largely consistent with those in the fermented mixtures (aneiso-C15:0, 24.7-29.6%; C15:0, 24.9-27.9%) after 21 h of incubation in vitro with four types of dairy diet as substrates [1] as well as in the rumen bacteria (aneiso-C15:0, 23.76%; C15:0, 25.7%) collected from Holstein cows under different feeding regimes [23,24]. Vlaeminck et al [25] reported a close relationship (r = -0.77) between anteiso-C15:0 concentration and dietary forage inclusion.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…With increasing supplementary levels of forage in the diets, total OBCFA production has been reported to be linearly increased in the study of Vlaeminck et al [25], whereas quadratically changed in rumen contents at 6 h after the morning feeding as observed by Zhang et al [3] which is partially in line with our data. As known, the OBCFA, especially BCFA, mainly derive from bacteria and meanwhile are the unique components of cell membrane lipids in kinds of bacteria [4] ; and exist in rumen protozoa as well [23,24]. Therefore, the increasing OBCFA production obtained in the present study might indicate the microorganisms were keeping a strong reproducibility and proliferation during the whole in vitro incubation, which would be bene cial for microbial metabolic process and fermentation activities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 49%

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Profiles of Odd- and Branched-Chain Fatty Acids and Their Correlations With Rumen Fermentation Parameters, Microbial Protein Synthesis and Bacterial Populations Based on Pure Carbohydrate Incubation in Vitro

Xin

Liu

Jiang

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: The objectives of this study were to evaluate the profiles of odd- and branched-chain fatty acids (OBCFA; including C15:0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, C17:0, iso-C17:0 and anteiso-C17:0) during pure carbohydrates incubation in vitro and whether they correlated with ruminal fermentation parameters, microbial crude protein (MCP) synthesis, and bacterial populations. The pure substrates containing five different ratios of fiber and starch (F:S; 0:100, 25:75, 50:50, 75:25 and 100:0) were incubated for 6 h, 12 h, 18 h and 24 h. Results: Except iso-C17:0, OBCFA concentrations were interacted by F:S and incubation time. The highest concentration of total OBCFA was found in the fermented mixture after 24 h of incubation when the F:S = 0:100; while the lowest level was 1.65 mg/g DM produced after 6 h of incubation with F:S = 50:50. The concentrations of total volatile fatty acids (TVFA) and MCP remarkably decreased linearly as the inclusion of fiber in the substrates increased, as expected. The proportions of investigated cellulolytic bacteria in our study were increased linearly (or linearly and quadratically) while those of R. amylophilus and S. bovis were decreased as fiber inclusion increased. The correlation analysis indicated that iso-C16:0 concentration might have potential as a marker of productions of TVFA and MCP with ρ being 0.78 and 0.82 respectively. Compared to starch degrading bacteria, cellulolytic bacteria had more correlations with OBCFA profiles, and the strongest association was found on the population of R. flavefaciens with C15:0 concentration (ρ = 0.70). Conclusions: Our study shows there might be scope for iso-C16:0 to predict rumen productions of VFA and MCP. Notedly, this is the first paper reporting linkage of OBCFA with rumen function based on pure carbohydrate in vitro incubation, which would avoid confounding interference from dietary protein and fat presence. However, more in-depth experiments are needed to substantiate the current findings.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 49%

Profiles of Odd- and Branched-Chain Fatty Acids and Their Correlations With Rumen Fermentation Parameters, Microbial Protein Synthesis and Bacterial Populations Based on Pure Carbohydrate Incubation in Vitro

Xin

Liu

Jiang

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…This family is composed of both fibrolytic organisms and members involved in starch hydrolysis, which could produce acetate, formate, succinate, and so on (36). In this study, compared with Prevotella is a known starch and protein utilization bacteria (39) and has the highest abundance in the rumen of lactating dairy cows and may be altered in responding to different diets and feeding patterns (40,41). Prevotella has enzymes that degrade xylan and other hemicelluloses into SCFA, such as acetate, propionate or propionate-precursor succinate (35).…”

Section: Prevotella Ruminococcus Eubacterium and Other Members Of mentioning

confidence: 93%

Ruminal Degradation of Rumen-Protected Glucose Influences the Ruminal Microbiota and Metabolites in Early-Lactation Dairy Cows

Wang

Nan

Zhao

et al. 2021

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Rumen-protected glucose (RPG) plays an important role in alleviating the negative energy balance of dairy cows. This study used a combination of rumen microbes 16S and metabolomics to elucidate the changes of rumen microbial composition and rumen metabolites of different doses of RPG's rumen degradation part in early lactation dairy cows. Twenty-four multiparous Holstein cows in early lactation were randomly allocated to control (CON), low RPG (LRPG), medium RPG (MRPG) or high RPG (HRPG) groups in a randomized block design. The cows were fed a basal total mixed ration diet with 0, 200, 350 and 500 g RPG per cow per day, respectively. Rumen fluid samples were analyzed using Illumina MiSeq sequencing and ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. MRPG supplementation increased bacterial richness and diversity, including increasing the relative abundance of cellulolytic bacteria, such as Ruminococcus, Lachnospiraceae_NK3A20_group, Ruminiclostridium, and Lachnospiraceae_UCG-008. MRPG significantly increased the concentrations of acetate, propionate, butyrate, and total volatile fatty acid in the rumen. Ruminal fluid metabolomics analysis showed that RPG supplementation could significantly regulate the synthesis of amino acids digested by protozoa in the rumen. Correlation analysis of ruminal microbiome and metabolome revealed some potential relationships between major bacteria abundance and metabolites concentrations. Our analysis found that RPG supplementation of different doses can change the diversity of microorganisms in the rumen and affect the rumen fermentation pattern and microbial metabolism, and a daily supplement of 350 g RPG might be the ideal dose. IMPORTANCE Dairy cows in early lactation are prone to negative energy balance because their dry matter intake cannot meet the energy requirements of lactation. Rumen-protected glucose is used as an effective feed additive to alleviate the negative energy balance of dairy cows in early lactation. But one thing that is overlooked is that people often think that rumen-protected glucose is not degraded in the rumen, thus ignoring its impact on the microorganisms in the rumen environment. Our investigation and previous experiments have found that rumen-protected glucose is partially degraded in the rumen. However, there are few reports on this part of the research. Therefore, we conducted research on this problem and found that 350g/d rumen-protected glucose supplementation can promote the development and metabolism of rumen flora. This provides a theoretical basis for the extensive application of rumen bypass glucose in the later stage.

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“…Valerate is one of the products resulting from the degradation of branched amino acids and itself serves as an important precursor for synthesizing odd branched-chain fatty acids [6]. It has also been suggested that odd branched-chain fatty acids could be synthesized by elongating propionate [41]. Hence, it is reasonable to observe positive correlation between Succiniclasticum abundance and concentrations of propionate, isovalerate, valerate, and total BCVFA due to vital roles of this genus in fermenting succinate to propionate and degradation of protein [12,40].…”

Section: Correlations Between Ambient Temperature Physiological and mentioning

confidence: 99%

Digestive Ability, Physiological Characteristics, and Rumen Bacterial Community of Holstein Finishing Steers in Response to Three Nutrient Density Diets as Fattening Phases Advanced

et al. 2020

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The aim of this study is to track the dynamic alterations in nutrient intake and digestion, rumen fermentation and plasma metabolic characteristics, and rumen bacterial community of Holstein finishing steers in response to three nutrient density diets as fattening phases advanced. A total of eighteen Holstein steers were randomly allocated into three nutrient density groups and steers in each group were fed under a three-phase fattening strategy, with nutrient density increased in each group when fattening phase advanced. Results showed that both fattening phase and dietary nutrient density significantly influenced the nutrient digestion, most of the rumen fermentation parameters, and part of bacteria at phylum and genus levels. Individually, dietary nutrient density affected the concentrations of plasma alanine aminotransferase and urea N, bacterial richness and evenness. All determined nutrient intake and plasma biochemical parameters, except for alanine aminotransferase and triglyceride, differed among fattening phases. Spearman correlation analysis revealed strong correlations between fiber intake and bacterial richness and evenness, rumen fermentation characteristics and certain bacteria. Moreover, Patescibacteria abundance was positively correlated with ambient temperature and plasma total protein. These results indicate that rumen fermentation and nutrient digestion were influenced by both dietary nutrient density and fattening phase, and these influences were regulated by certain rumen bacterial community and ruminal bacteria may be affected simultaneously by ambient temperature. This study may provide insights into diet optimization and potentially adaptive mechanism of rumen bacterial community in response to fattening phases and gradually climatic change.

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Alteration of Rumen Bacteria and Protozoa Through Grazing Regime as a Tool to Enhance the Bioactive Fatty Acid Content of Bovine Milk

Cited by 20 publications

References 61 publications

Profiles of Odd- and Branched-Chain Fatty Acids and Their Correlations With Rumen Fermentation Parameters, Microbial Protein Synthesis and Bacterial Populations Based on Pure Carbohydrate Incubation in Vitro

Profiles of Odd- and Branched-Chain Fatty Acids and Their Correlations With Rumen Fermentation Parameters, Microbial Protein Synthesis and Bacterial Populations Based on Pure Carbohydrate Incubation in Vitro

Ruminal Degradation of Rumen-Protected Glucose Influences the Ruminal Microbiota and Metabolites in Early-Lactation Dairy Cows

Digestive Ability, Physiological Characteristics, and Rumen Bacterial Community of Holstein Finishing Steers in Response to Three Nutrient Density Diets as Fattening Phases Advanced

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