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The percent and distribution patterns of three immunohistochemically identified fiber types within the anterior compartment of the cat tibialis anterior were determined 6 months after denervation and self‐reinnervation. After self‐reinnervation, mean frequencies of slow (9%) and fast (91%) fibers were similar to those in control (12% and 88%, respectively) muscles. However, a lower proportion of fast‐1 (26%) and a higher proportion of fast‐2 (65%) fibers were observed in self‐reinnervated than control (32% and 56%) muscles. Quantitation of adjacencies between fibers of similar myosin heavy chain (MHC) phenotype, a measure of type grouping, revealed that the frequencies of two slow or two fast‐1 fibers being adjacent in self‐reinnervated muscles were similar to control. In contrast, the frequency of fast‐2/fast‐2 fiber adjacencies found in self‐reinnervated muscles (45%) was significantly higher than in control muscles (37%). In both groups, the frequency of adjacencies between slow, fast‐1, or fast‐2 fibers was largely attributable to the number of each fiber type present. These data show that the incidence of grouping within each fiber type present was not altered after 6 months of self‐reinnervation. Minimal changes in the spatial distribution of fiber types following self‐reinnervation in adults suggests a limited degree of conversion of muscle fibers to a MHC phenotype matching the motoneuron characteristics. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The percent and distribution patterns of three immunohistochemically identified fiber types within the anterior compartment of the cat tibialis anterior were determined 6 months after denervation and self‐reinnervation. After self‐reinnervation, mean frequencies of slow (9%) and fast (91%) fibers were similar to those in control (12% and 88%, respectively) muscles. However, a lower proportion of fast‐1 (26%) and a higher proportion of fast‐2 (65%) fibers were observed in self‐reinnervated than control (32% and 56%) muscles. Quantitation of adjacencies between fibers of similar myosin heavy chain (MHC) phenotype, a measure of type grouping, revealed that the frequencies of two slow or two fast‐1 fibers being adjacent in self‐reinnervated muscles were similar to control. In contrast, the frequency of fast‐2/fast‐2 fiber adjacencies found in self‐reinnervated muscles (45%) was significantly higher than in control muscles (37%). In both groups, the frequency of adjacencies between slow, fast‐1, or fast‐2 fibers was largely attributable to the number of each fiber type present. These data show that the incidence of grouping within each fiber type present was not altered after 6 months of self‐reinnervation. Minimal changes in the spatial distribution of fiber types following self‐reinnervation in adults suggests a limited degree of conversion of muscle fibers to a MHC phenotype matching the motoneuron characteristics. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The sections in this article are: Matching of Motoneurons and Muscle Fiber Properties During Normal Development Muscle Development Motoneuron Development Synapse Elimination Summary Neural and Nonneural Sources of Control of Adult Skeletal Muscle Properties Cross‐Reinnervation Prolonged Electrical Silence Morphological and Metabolic Properties of Motoneurons Relationship of Soma Size and Metabolic Properties Adaptability of Soma Size and Metabolic Properties Gene Amplification Within a Motor Unit Overall Summary
In this review, the present knowledge about the mechanisms involved in the control of the phenotypic expression of mammalian muscle fibers is summarized. There is a discussion as to how the activity imposed on the muscle fibers by the motoneuron finally induces in the muscle cells the expression of those genes that define its particular phenotype. The functional and molecular heterogeneity of skeletal muscle is thus defined by the existence of motor units with varied function, while the homogeneity of muscle fibers belonging to the same motor unit is yet another indication of the importance of activity in the control of gene expression of the mammalian muscle fiber.
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