Alterations in brain neurotrophic and glial factors following early age chronic methylphenidate and cocaine administration

Simchon-Tenenbaum, Yaarit; Weizman, Abraham; Rehavi, Moshe

doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2014.12.058

Cited by 28 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…They showed that 2, 5 and 10 mg/kg of MPH can activate apoptosis cascade, both in gene and protein levels, in cortex and striatum but its role in hippocampus remain unclear [6,23].In continent with oxidative stress and inflammation induction by MPH our study showed that MPH in 10 and 20 mg/kg cause degeneration and death of some hippocampus cells in DG and CA1 area which confirm behavioral alteration results of study and also suggest that mentioned oxidative stress and inflammation caused of this types of damages, also our histophatological evaluation showed that cell density and number of cell layer in these two area of hippocampus was reduced by MPH which suggest of decrease of hippocampus performance and can be reason of decrease of animal performance in behavioral assay. This data confirm previous study results which showed methamphetamine type neurostimulant can cause hippocampus cell damages and death [4,29].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 95%

Effects of chronic treatment with methylphenidate on oxidative stress and inflammation in hippocampus of adult rats

Motaghinejad

Motevalian

Shabab

2016

Neuroscience Letters

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 95%

Effects of chronic treatment with methylphenidate on oxidative stress and inflammation in hippocampus of adult rats

Motaghinejad

Motevalian

Shabab

2016

Neuroscience Letters

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“…Considerable evidence has shown the ability of the brain to undergo neuronal plasticity in response to several insults including exposure to ethanol and other drugs such as marijuana. 19 – 22 In particular, brain plasticity in response to ethanol is well characterized; these plastic changes involve the postsynaptic specialization, receptors, signaling molecules, hormones, and other morphological features within neurons. 19 , 23 , 24 Plastic changes in response to the effect of khat, a psychostimulant, are less well understood.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Projection neurons in the cortex and hippocampus: differential effects of chronic khat and ethanol exposure in adult male rats

Alele¹,

Matovu²,

Imanirampa³

et al. 2016

JEP

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BackgroundRecent evidence suggests that many individuals who chew khat recreationally also drink ethanol to offset the stimulating effect of khat. The objective of this study was to describe the separate and interactive effects of chronic ethanol and khat exposure on key projection neurons in the cortex and hippocampus of young adult male rats.MethodsYoung adult male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into six treatment groups: 2 g/kg khat, 4 g/kg khat, 4 g/kg ethanol, combined khat and ethanol (4 g/kg each), a normal saline control, and an untreated group. Treatments were administered orally for 28 continuous days; brains were then harvested, sectioned, and routine hematoxylin–eosin staining was done. Following photomicrography, ImageJ® software captured data regarding neuron number and size.ResultsNo differences occurred in counts of both granular and pyramidal projection neurons in the motor cortex and all four subfields of the hippocampal formation. Khat dose-dependently increased pyramidal neuron size in the motor cortex and the CA3 region, but had different effects on granular neuron size in the dentate gyrus and the motor cortex. Mean pyramidal neuron size for the ethanol-only treatment was larger than that for the 2 g/kg khat group, and the saline control group, in CA3 and in the motor cortex. Concomitant khat and ethanol increased granular neuron size in the motor cortex, compared to the 2 g/kg khat group, the 4 g/kg khat group, and the 4 g/kg ethanol group. In the CA3 region, the 4 g/kg ethanol group showed a larger mean pyramidal neuron size than the combined khat and ethanol group.ConclusionThese results suggest that concomitant khat and ethanol exposure changes granular and pyramidal projection neuron sizes differentially in the motor cortex and hippocampus, compared to the effects of chronic exposure to these two drugs separately.

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“…Tricyclic antidepressants and the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors increase the levels of BDNF (15). Methylphenidate, the main drug prescribed for ADHD, increases the BDNF expression in the prefrontal cortex (51, 52). A 6-week administration of methylphenidate recuperates the plasma levels of BDNF in children with ADHD (42).…”

Section: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity Disordermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These high GDNF levels have a positive correlation with inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity behaviors (11), which are the main clinical manifestations of ADHD. Remarkably, psychostimulants, such as MPH, increase levels of GDNF mRNA in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex (51). Furthermore, nerve growth factor (NGF) is involved in neuronal development and brain plasticity of cholinergic neurons that are important in attentional processing.…”

Section: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity Disordermentioning

confidence: 99%

Alterations of Growth Factors in Autism and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

et al. 2017

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Growth factors (GFs) are cytokines that regulate the neural development. Recent evidence indicates that alterations in the expression level of GFs during embryogenesis are linked to the pathophysiology and clinical manifestations of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorders (ASD). In this concise review, we summarize the current evidence that supports the role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, insulin-like growth factor 2, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), glial-derived neurotrophic factor, nerve growth factor, neurotrophins 3 and 4, and epidermal growth factor in the pathogenesis of ADHD and ASD. We also highlight the potential use of these GFs as clinical markers for diagnosis and prognosis of these neurodevelopmental disorders.

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Alterations in brain neurotrophic and glial factors following early age chronic methylphenidate and cocaine administration

Cited by 28 publications

References 40 publications

Effects of chronic treatment with methylphenidate on oxidative stress and inflammation in hippocampus of adult rats

Effects of chronic treatment with methylphenidate on oxidative stress and inflammation in hippocampus of adult rats

Projection neurons in the cortex and hippocampus: differential effects of chronic khat and ethanol exposure in adult male rats

Alterations of Growth Factors in Autism and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

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