Fresh vegetables harbor diverse microorganisms on leaf surfaces, yet their viral communities remain unexplored. We investigated the diversity and ecology of phyllosphere viromes of six leafy green vegetables using virus-like particle (VLP) enrichment and shotgun metagenome sequencing. On average, 9.2 × 107viruses were present per gram of leaf tissue. The majority (93.1 ± 6.2%) of these viruses were taxonomically unclassified. Virome compositions were distinct among vegetable types and exhibited temporal variations. Virulent phages with replication-enhancing auxiliary metabolic genes (AMGs) were more dominant than temperate phages with host fitness-benefiting AMGs. Analysis of 1,498 human fecal VLP metagenomes revealed that approximately 10% of vegetable viruses were present in the human gut virome, including viruses commonly observed in multiple studies. These gut-associated vegetable viruses were enriched with short-term vegetable intake, and depleted in individuals with metabolic and immunologic disorders. Overall, this study elucidates the ecological contribution of the fresh vegetable virome to human gut virome diversity.