Alterations in the Nasopharyngeal Bacterial Flora after Adenoidectomy in Children: A Systematic Review

Aarts, Johanna W.M.; Aardweg, Maaike T. A. van den; Rovers, Maroeska M.; Bonten, Marc J. M.; Schilder, Anne G. M.

doi:10.1016/j.otohns.2009.09.017

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Corroborated by published data (26–29), our results support the involvement of these microorganisms in the pathogenesis of recurrent tonsillitis and rhinopharyngitis.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Biofilm formation by bacteria isolated from upper respiratory tract before and after adenotonsillectomy

Drago

Vecchi

Torretta

et al. 2011

APMIS

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Failure of antibiotics to eradicate the microbial pathogens primarily responsible for otorhinolaryngological diseases has led to the hypothesis that these microorganisms may be structured in a biolfilm. Aim of the study was to evaluate the ability to produce biofilm among bacteria isolated from tonsils and/or adenoids and nasopharynx. Biopsies and swabs were collected during surgery and after 3 and 6 months in 32 children undergoing adenoidectomy and/or tonsillectomy. Production of biofilm by Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Moraxella catarrhalis and Haemophilus influenzae was evaluated in vitro by means of spectrophotometry after growth in microplates and staining with crystalviolet. Of the isolates from intraoperative samples, 44.7% were either moderate or strong biofilm producers compared with 27% of isolates at 6 months after surgery. A decrease in biofilm production was observed for H. influenzae and S. aureus. In conclusion, the rate of isolation and ability to form biofilm decreased in bacteria isolated subsequent to adenoidectomy and/or tonsillectomy. This suggests a role for biofilm in pathogenesis of recurrent and chronic pharyngeal diseases and rhinopharingitis.

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“…Corroborated by published data (26–29), our results support the involvement of these microorganisms in the pathogenesis of recurrent tonsillitis and rhinopharyngitis.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Biofilm formation by bacteria isolated from upper respiratory tract before and after adenotonsillectomy

Drago

Vecchi

Torretta

et al. 2011

APMIS

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“…Infections cause by drug resistant pathogens in the nasopharynx or the adenoids seems to be harder to treat medically, which could result in the need for adenoidectomy, which seems to have a beneficial effect on the nasopharyngeal bacterial flora [28]. Aarts et al [28] demonstrated that S. pneumoniae and H. influenza were most often detected in the nasopharynx of children with recurrent URTIs, and carriage of these bacteria decreased after adenoidectomy in the majority of studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aarts et al [28] demonstrated that S. pneumoniae and H. influenza were most often detected in the nasopharynx of children with recurrent URTIs, and carriage of these bacteria decreased after adenoidectomy in the majority of studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High prevalence of Streptococcus pneumoniae in adenoids and nasopharynx in preschool children with recurrent upper respiratory tract infections in Poland – distribution of serotypes and drug resistance patterns

2013

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BackgroundStreptococcus pneumoniae is one of the major bacterial pathogens colonizing nasopharynx, and often causes upper respiratory tract infections in children. We investigated the prevalence of S. pneumoniae in nasopharynx and adenoid core in 57 children aged 2–5 years who underwent adenoidectomy for recurrent pharyngotonsillitis, and we determined serotypes and antibiotic resistance patterns of the isolated pneumococci.Material/MethodsThe nasopharyngeal specimens obtained before adenoidectomy and the adenoids after the surgery were cultured for pneumococci. All isolates were serotyped by means of Quellung reaction. Susceptibility to antibiotics was determined according to EUCAST recommendations.ResultsS. pneumoniae colonization was observed in 40 (70.2%) children. From 29 (50.9%) children S. pneumoniae was isolated both from nasopharynx and adenoid core; 2 or 3 different isolates were identified in 8 (14.0%) children. In 8 (14.0%) children pneumococci were obtained from adenoid core only and in 3 (5.3%) children from nasopharynx only. Among the isolates, 35.3% were susceptible to all tested antimicrobials and 45.1% had decreased susceptibility to penicillin. Multidrug resistance was present in 52.9% of the isolates. The most frequent was serotype 19F (25.5%). The prevalence of serotypes included in pneumococcal conjugate vaccines PCV10 and PCV13 was 51.0% and 62.7%, respectively.ConclusionsThe adenoids, like the nasopharynx, can be regarded as a reservoir of pneumococci, including multidrug resistant strains, especially in children with indication for adenoidectomy due to recurrent respiratory tract infections refractory to antibiotic therapy. Good vaccine coverage among the isolated pneumococci confirmed the validity of the routine immunization by PCVs in young children.

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“…[27] In a review, adenoidectomy was suggested to have a beneficial effect on the nasopharyngeal bacterial flora, causing a decrease in the load of potential pathogens, specifically Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae, and helping reestablishment of normal non-pathogenic flora. [28] Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and sleep disordered breathing (SDB) are important indications for adenoidectomy. Pediatric OSA affects 2-3% of children.…”

Section: Adenoidectomy Indicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adenoidectomy: current approaches and review of the literature

Aydın²

2016

Kulak Burun Bogaz Ihtis Derg

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Adenoid is a secondary lymphoid organ located in the nasopharynx. Due to its location, it plays an important role in the host defense of the upper respiratory tract. Immunoglobulin G3 and immunoglobulin A1 antibodies are prevalent antibodies in the adenoid tissue. Adenoidal hypertrophy is a common condition in children causing symptoms such as mouth breathing, nasal discharge, snoring, sleep apnea, and hyponasal speech. It also plays a role in the pathogenesis of rhinosinusitis, recurrent otitis media, and otitis media with effusion. Currently, adenoidectomy is one of the most commonly performed pediatric surgical procedures worldwide. Although there is still poor evidence in the literature, recurrent upper respiratory infections, otitis media with effusion, and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome are considered to be the main indications of adenoidectomy. Adenoidectomy can be carried out with several techniques and instruments. Although rare, surgery possesses some risks and may cause emotional distress both for the patient and the family. Nonsurgical treatments such as intranasal steroids are also used in the treatment of adenoid hypertrophy. In this review, we discuss the current literature on the adenoid function, adenoidectomy indications, and treatment of adenoid hypertrophy.Keywords: Adenoidectomy; adenoidectomy indication; adenoidectomy technique; function of adenoid; immunology of adenoid. ÖZAdenoid, nazofarenkste yer alan sekonder lenfoid organdır. Yerleşim yeri nedeniyle, üst solunum yolundaki konak savunmasında önemli bir rol oynar. Immünglobulin G3 ve immünglobulin A1 antikorları, adenoid dokusunda yaygın bulunan antikorlardır. Adenoid hipertrofisi çocuklarda ağız solunumu, burun akıntısı, horlama, uyku apnesi ve hiponazal konuşma gibi semptomlara neden olan yaygın bir durumdur. Bununla birlikte, rinosinüzit, tekrarlayan otitis media ve efüzyonlu otitis media patogenezinde rol oynar. Günümüzde adenoidektomi tüm dünyada en sık uygulanan pediatrik cerrahilerden biridir. Literatürde henüz yeterli kanıt mevcut olmamasına rağmen, tekrarlayan üst solunum yolu enfeksiyonları, efüzyonlu otitis media ve tıkayıcı uyku apnesi sendromunun adenoidektominin başlıca endikasyonları olduğu düşünülmektedir. Adenoidektomi birçok teknik ve araç ile uygulanabilmektedir. Nadir olmasına karşın, cerrahi bazı riskler taşımakta ve hem hasta hem de aile için duygusal stres yaratabilmektedir. Adenoid hipertrofisinin tedavisinde intranazal steroid gibi cerrahi dışı tedaviler de kullanılmaktadır. Bu derlemede adenoid fonksiyonu, adenoidektomi endikasyonları ve adenoid hipertrofisinin tedavisine ilişkin mevcut literatür tartışıldı.Anahtar Sözcükler: Adenoidektomi; adenoidektomi endikasyonu; adenoidektomi tekniği; adenoid fonksiyonu; adenoid immünolojisi.Adenoidectomy is one of the most commonly performed pediatric surgical procedures all over the world today, either alone or in conjunction with tonsillectomy and/or insertion of ventilating tubes.[1] Annual adenoidectomy rates differ between countries.

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Alterations in the Nasopharyngeal Bacterial Flora after Adenoidectomy in Children: A Systematic Review

Cited by 5 publications

References 10 publications

Biofilm formation by bacteria isolated from upper respiratory tract before and after adenotonsillectomy

Biofilm formation by bacteria isolated from upper respiratory tract before and after adenotonsillectomy

High prevalence of Streptococcus pneumoniae in adenoids and nasopharynx in preschool children with recurrent upper respiratory tract infections in Poland – distribution of serotypes and drug resistance patterns

Adenoidectomy: current approaches and review of the literature

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