Alterations in the pulmonary and systemic immune response in rats exposed to coal fly ash

Dogra, Shashi; Khanna, Ashok; Kaw, J.L.

doi:10.1016/0162-3109(94)00049-l

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Only at a concentration of 100 mg/m 3 coal fly ash did the T h /T sup ratio increase. Dogra et al (1995) also showed an increase in the number of leukocytes in rat lung-associated lymph nodes up to 30 days after intratracheal exposure of coal fly ash and immunization with sheep erythrocytes (SRBC). However, the number of antibody-forming cells to SRBC was significantly decreased, indicating an effect on the B-cell population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Other studies have shown the immunosuppressive potential of fly ash (Burns & Zarkower, 1982;Bice et al, 1987;Dogra & Kaw, 1993;Broeckaert et al, 1997, Killingsworth et al, 1997. Dogra et al (1995), for instance, demonstrated that exposure to coal fly ash, intratracheally administered to rats, resulted in an impairment of the local immune response of the lungs without affecting systemic immunity. These inhalation experiments with coal fly ash have been performed for exposure periods of 1, 3, or 6 mo in rat or hamster.…”

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confidence: 98%

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Pathological and Immunological Effects of Respirable Coal Fly Ash in Male Wistar Rats

Dormans

1999

Inhalation Toxicology

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In this study the effects of inhalatory exposure to coal fly ash on lung pathology and the immune system in rats were examined. Rats were exposed to 0, 10, 30, or 100 mg/m(3) coal fly ash (6 h/day, 5 days/wk) for 4 wk, or to 0 and 100 mg/m(3) for 1 wk, and for 1 wk followed by a recovery in clean air of 3 wk. A concentration-related increase in lung weight was found starting from 30 mg/m(3) coal fly ash. After exposure to 100 mg/m(3), a time-related deposition of free particles in the lungs was observed as well as a time-related number of coal fly ash particles phagocytized in alveolar macrophages. Histological examination revealed increased cellularity in alveolar septa, consisting mainly of mononuclear cell infiltrate, proliferated type II cells, and a slight fibrotic reaction. After a recovery period of 3 wk the histological picture was identical to that after 1 wk of exposure, indicating no significant recovery. No toxicological significant changes were found in the hematological, clinical chemistry, or urine parameters. Effects both on nonspecific defense mechanisms and on specific immune responses were noted. With regard to the immune function in the draining lymph nodes of the lung, a significantly increased number of both T and B lymphocytes was observed. The ratio of both cell types was not changed in either of the groups. In serum of exposed rats a significant increase of up to 150% of the immunoglobulin A (IgA) content was found. The number and phagocytic capacity of macrophages were significantly increased, while the killing of Listeria bacteria per cell ex vivo/in vitro remained unchanged. Natural killer (NK) activity in pulmonary cell suspensions was slightly stimulated in rats exposed for 4 wk to 10 and 30 mg/m(3), whereas an exposure to 100 mg/m(3) resulted in a slight decrease; however, both changes were not significant. In conclusion, the alterations in lung histopathology and immunity, observed in a dose and exposure time relation at concentrations up to and including 100 mg/m(3) coal fly ash, may be considered an adverse response of the host to inhalation of particulate matter. Whether these observed alterations may effect the host resistance must be learned from infection studies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Pathological and Immunological Effects of Respirable Coal Fly Ash in Male Wistar Rats

Dormans

1999

Inhalation Toxicology

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“…Especially, alterations in pulmonary and systemic immune responses, and biochemical and histomorphological changes were found in rats exposed to fly ash (Chauhan et al, 1989;Dogra et al, 1995;Smith et al, 2006). Other studies have shown the possible genotoxic effects of fly ash to human DNA (Kleinjansa et al, 1989;Chakraborty and Mukherjee 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Subacute inhalation toxicity assessment of fly ash from industrial waste incinerators physiological, and biochemical changes in animals and human (Dogra et al, 1995;Dormans et al, 1999;Mani et al, 2007). These toxic compounds produce oxidative stress, which is caused by increased production of reactive oxygen species.…”

Section: Research Articlementioning

confidence: 98%

Subacute inhalation toxicity assessment of fly ash from industrial waste incinerators

Shim¹,

Oh²,

Yang³

et al. 2012

Inhalation Toxicology

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Fly ash from industrial waste incinerators has been a significant concern because of their constituent toxic heavy metals and organic compounds. The objective of this study was to identify the subacute inhalation toxicity of fly ash from industrial waste incinerators, using whole body inhalation exposure chambers. Male and female groups of Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to fly ash by inhalation of concentrations of 0, 50, 100, 200 mg/m(3), for 6 h/day, 5 days/week for 4 weeks. There was no significant difference in body weight, and relative organ weight to body weight, between the exposure groups and the control group. Hematological examinations revealed a significant increase of monocyte counts in fly ash exposed rats and brown pigment laden macrophage was found in the lungs of rats exposed to high concentration of fly ash. A decrease of blood glucose levels and an increase in glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase activity were observed in fly ash treated rats. There was also a significant increase of lactate dehydrogenase levels in rat blood exposed fly ash. A significant dose-dependent increase of DNA damage was found in lymphocytes, spleen, bronchoalveolar lavage, liver, lung, and thymus of rats exposed to fly ash. In addition, the level of lipid peroxidation was increased in the plasma of rats exposed to a high concentration of fly ash. These results suggest that inhalation of fly ash from industrial waste incinerators can induce histopathologic, hematological, and serum biochemical changes and oxidative damage.

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“…Adsorption of guinea pig serum (complement) and foetal calf serum (FCS) with SRBC was carried out as described earlier. 18 Antibody forming cell (AFC) assay Spleen and LALN of control and exposed rats were disrupted gently in cold RPMI 1640 medium and a single cell suspension was prepared. The cell viability was assessed by trypan blue dye exclusion 19 and the cell concentration was adjusted at 10610 6 ml.…”

Section: Immunization Of Animals For Studying Systemic and Local Immune Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

Antibody forming cell response to nickel and nickel-coated fly ash in rats

Dogra¹,

Khanna²,

Kaw

1999

Hum Exp Toxicol

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The potential of nickel as nickel chloride, native fly ash and Ni-coated fly ash to alter pulmonary and systemic immune response was evaluated upon intratracheal (I/T) exposure of rats. The animals were sensitised with sheep red blood cells (SRBC) through I/T and intraperitoneal (I/P) routes. Nickel exposure resulted in a decrease in the number of antibody forming cells (AFC) in lung associated lymph nodes (LALN) and spleen. In rats exposed to native fly ash there was a reduction in the number of AFC in LALN but not in spleen. The results did not demonstrate any significant difference in the immunosuppression of fly ash and Ni-coated fly ash exposed rats. The decrease in AFC formation in Ni-coated fly ash exposed animals was of a lesser magnitude than in rats exposed to Ni-alone.

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Alterations in the pulmonary and systemic immune response in rats exposed to coal fly ash

Cited by 7 publications

References 18 publications

Pathological and Immunological Effects of Respirable Coal Fly Ash in Male Wistar Rats

Pathological and Immunological Effects of Respirable Coal Fly Ash in Male Wistar Rats

Subacute inhalation toxicity assessment of fly ash from industrial waste incinerators

Antibody forming cell response to nickel and nickel-coated fly ash in rats

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