Alterations of Plasma Lipids in Adult Women With Major Depressive Disorder and Bipolar Depression

Abstract

Lipidomics has been established as a potential tool for the investigation of mental diseases. However, the composition analysis and the comparison of the peripheral lipids regarding adult women with major depressive depression (MDD) or bipolar depression (BPD) has been poorly addressed. In the present study, age-matched female individuals with MDD (n = 28), BPD (n = 22) and healthy controls (HC, n = 25) were enrolled. Clinical symptoms were assessed and the plasma samples were analyzed by comprehensive lipid profiling based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS). We found that the composition of lipids was remarkably changed in the patients with MDD and BPD when compared to HC or compared to each other. Moreover, we identified diagnostic potential biomarkers comprising 20 lipids that can distinguish MDD from HC (area under the curve, AUC = 0.897) and 8 lipids that can distinguish BPD from HC (AUC = 0.784), as well as 13 lipids were identified to distinguish MDD from BPD with moderate reliability (AUC = 0.860). This study provides further understanding of abnormal lipid metabolism in adult women with MDD and BPD and may develop lipid classifiers able to effectively discriminate MDD from BPD and HC.

Lipid Biomarker Research in Bipolar Disorder: A Scoping Review of Trends, Challenges, and Future Directions

“…However, there are some classes of lipids that tend to display potential as biomarkers for BD throughout the literature ( Table 1 ). Four of the 9 reports that used omics methods found glycerophospholipids to be altered in BD ( 44 , 107 , 108 , 109 ), and 4 publications also reported altered levels of sphingolipids in BD ( 44 , 108 , 109 , 110 ). Four studies reported altered glycerolipids ( 44 , 108 , 109 , 110 ), and 3 reported altered levels of free fatty acids ( 91 , 108 , 111 ).…”

“…, 2022 ( 111 ) Cholesterol, fatty acids GC-MS CC Serum Zhang et al. , 2022 ( 109 ) Glycerolipids, glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids LC-MS CC Plasma BP, bipolar disorder; CC, case-control; DE, depressive episode; FEP, first-episode psychosis; GC, gas chromatography; H-NMR, nuclear magnetic resonance; LC, liquid chromatography; MaE, manic episode; MiE, mixed episode; MS, mass spectrometry; PAF, platelet-activating factor; UHPLC, ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography. …”

“…Lipidomics and metabolomics are relatively new and promising approaches for discovering lipid biomarkers ( 125 , 126 ). The use of targeted and global lipidomics in the research for lipid biomarkers in BD is slightly increasing, with 5 published papers using this method in 2022 ( 44 , 107 , 108 , 109 , 127 ). In targeted lipidomics, a predetermined set of lipids is chosen for analysis, and in our review, we found that studies investigated a variety of different lipid classes.…”

Lipids in Psychiatric Disorders: Functional and Potential Diagnostic Role as Blood Biomarkers

“…Only four studies on MDD patients included more than one hundred individuals (Table S1). Six studies evaluated a broad panel of different lipid markers [34,[58][59][60][61][62]. Consensual data were received for LPC and LPE measurements, which were increased in the observed studies.…”

“…Transdiagnostic between SCZ, MDD, BPD, and AD: ↓ 10-nitro-9Z,12Z-octadecadienoic acid decreased; ↑ 9,12-octadecadienal, cyclopentaneoctanoic acid, hexadecandioic acid, 12-tridecynoic acid, and caprylic acid [79]. ↓ [61].…”