Alterations of the Muscular Fatty Acid Composition and Serum Metabolome in Bama Xiang Mini-Pigs Exposed to Dietary Beta-Hydroxy Beta-Methyl Butyrate

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary beta-hydroxy beta-methyl butyrate (HMB) supplementation on muscular lipid metabolism in Bama Xiang mini-pigs. Thirty-two piglets (8.58 ± 0.40 kg, barrow) were selected and fed a basal diet supplemented either with 0 (control), 0.13%, 0.64%, or 1.28% HMB for 60 days. Throughout the experiments, they had free access to clean drinking water and diets. Data of this study were analyzed by one-way ANOVA using the SAS 8.2 software package, followed by a Tukey’s studentized range test to explore treatment effects. The results showed that compared to the control, 0.13% HMB decreased the intramuscular fat (IMF) content and increased polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in Longissimus thoracis muscle (LTM), and increased the n3 PUFAs in soleus muscles (SM, p < 0.05). Moreover, HMB supplementation led to alterations in the mRNA expression of genes related to lipid metabolism. Serum metabolome profiling showed that in both LTM and SM of Bama Xiang mini-pigs, N-Methyl-l-glutamate was positively correlated with SFA and nummularine A was negatively correlated with C18:3n3 PUFA (p < 0.05). Therefore, N-Methyl-l-glutamate and nummularine A might be potential biomarkers of the HMB-supplemented group. These results suggested that dietary HMB supplementation could decrease the IMF content and increase n3 PUFAs as well as regulate the related metabolites (N-Methyl-l-glutamate and nummularine A) in the serum of pigs.

Reduced Feeding Frequency Improves Feed Efficiency Associated With Altered Fecal Microbiota and Bile Acid Composition in Pigs

“…Fecal samples were thawed on ice, and metabolites were extracted with 50% methanol buffer, as previously described ( Zheng et al, 2021 ). LC--MS/MS analysis was performed on an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) system (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, United States) coupled to a high-resolution mass spectrometer TripleTOF 6600, which was operated in both positive and negative ion modes.…”

Dietary Beta-Hydroxy-Beta-Methyl Butyrate Supplementation Inhibits Hepatic Fat Deposition via Regulating Gut Microbiota in Broiler Chickens

“…Thereafter, about 1.0 µg of total RNA was used to measure the mRNA expression level of lipid metabolism-related genes in the liver tissue by qRT-PCR analysis. The β-actin gene was used to normalize the expression of the target genes according to the 2 − Ct method, as previously described [18]. Primers for the target genes were designed using Primer 5.0 software and synthesized by Sangon Biotech Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China), and their sequences are shown in Table 1.…”

Analysis of the Fatty Acid Profile of the Tissues of Hunted Mallard Ducks (Anas platyrhynchos L.) from Poland

“…The higher h/H ratio in the leg muscles and lower AI and TI indices in the leg and breast muscles of mallards from the Siedlce hunting district in comparison to the Leszno hunting district indicate that the meat of ducks from the Siedlce hunting district has higher health-promoting value. The h/H, AI, and TI indices can be indicators of the influence of the fatty acid profile on cardiovascular disease [ 17 ]. The more favourable fatty acid profile, high h/H ratio, and low AI and TI in the meat of mallards from the Siedlce hunting district may have been linked to the diet of birds obtained in a region with sustainable management.…”

“…The lower their value, the more beneficial the fatty acid profile is for human health. This is because not all SFAs have hypercholesterolaemic effects [ 17 ].…”