Alterations of thyroid volume and nodular size during and after pregnancy in a severe iodine‐deficient area

Şahin, Serap Baydur; Oğullar, Sabri; Ural, Ülkü Mete; İlkkılıç, Kadir; Metin, Yavuz; Ayaz, Teslime

doi:10.1111/cen.12490

Cited by 34 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…However, Brunn et al applied 0.479 as an optimized conversion factor instead of π/6 [1][2][3][4][5][6]. We also used 0.479 as conversion factor in our study.The results of the measurements made in our study are shown in Table 1 in comparison with the values found in other studies.Sahin et al found that thyroid gland volume reached its maximum level (14.2 ± 7.9ml) in the third trimester and maintained this value for another 3 months after delivery (P < 0.001) [17]. In a study conducted by Tajtakova et al, 22mL of goiter was accepted as the limit, and ultrasound was performed at 4 days after delivery, and the volume of the thyroid gland was 3.1mL more than the control group (P < 0.01).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Ultrasonographic Evaluation of Changes in Thyroid Volume In Women During Pregnancy and Lactation

Özdikici

2018

BJSTR

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Objectives: Thyroid gland volume may vary physiologically during pregnancy and lactation. We aimed to determine ultrasonographic changes in thyroid volume in this study. Materials and Methods:The thyroid ultrasound in 30 mothers was performed at the 9th months of gestation, and also 6th and 12th months after delivery, to calculate thyroid volume.The volume of each lobe was estimated in cubic centimeters using the equation of Brunn et al. The volume of each thyroid gland was obtained by collecting the volume of the right and left lobes. The data were analyzed using SPSS, version 15.0 package program. Results:The mean volume of the thyroid gland in women in the control group was 11.95 ± 1.90mL. When compared with the control group, a significant increase in thyroid gland volume was seen in the third trimester. Decrease at the sixth month after delivery was not significant. But the decline in the values in the twelfth month was statistically significant. Conclusion:Knowing the limits of this physiological increase will be important in distinguishing it from other possible pathologies. We think that the mean thyroid volume values we find will be useful in daily clinical practice.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Ultrasonographic Evaluation of Changes in Thyroid Volume In Women During Pregnancy and Lactation

Özdikici

2018

BJSTR

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“…Similarly in ALSPAC study [58] the incidence of materno-fetal outcomes were not signi icantly different among severely iodine de icient pregnant women (UIC < 50 μg/L) compared to the iodine suf icient group. Another frequently attributed impact of severe iodine de iciency before and during pregnancy is increased rates of goiter, thyroid nodules formation [59,60] and the induction of maternal hypothyroxinemia [61]. A few clinical studies indicate that iodine supplementation during pregnancy reduces maternal thyroid size [62] and the risk of maternal hypothyroxinemia [63,64].…”

Section: Iodine Defi Ciency and Pregnancy Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mild to moderate iodine deficiency in pregnancy: A matter of debate

Delshad¹,

Azizi²

2021

Arch Food Nutr Sci

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During the last few decades painstaking efforts have been made to eliminate iodine deficiency through the world. Nowadays in regions where dietary iodine intake is adequate or borderline, the main focus is increasing dietary iodine supply in the target population during pregnancy and the first years of life. Severe iodine deficiency during pregnancy increases the risk of irreversible brain damage, intellectual disability, neurologic abnormalities, stunted growth, increased pregnancy loss, infant mortality, impairments in child development and cretinism. The potential effects of mild-to-moderate iodine deficiency are debated. Results from animal studies and observational human studies indicate that maternal mild-to-moderate iodine deficiency disturbs thyroid function in pregnancy and it also may affects fetal neurodevelopment. The effect of supplementation of iodine on thyroid function of pregnant women and their newborn, neurodevelopment of infants and cognitive performance of children have been investigated using iodine nutrition in pregnancy, based on median urinary iodine concentration. However they have found conflicting results regarding the benefits or harms of iodine supplementation in pregnancy. Although many epidemiological, interventional and clinical studies have supported the association between thyroid function in pregnant women and later psychomotor and mental development of their children, the effect of iodine supplementation in pregnant women on neurodevelopment of children is inconclusive. Even in areas with well-established universal salt iodization program, pregnancy could be at risk of having iodine deficiency and despite WHO/ICCIDD/UNICEF recommendation which believe that dietary iodine fortification during pregnancy depends primarily on the extent of pre-existing iodine deprivation, systematic dietary fortification needs to be implemented in this vulnerable group. However, iodine supplementation of mildly iodine deficient pregnant women may not have beneficial effects in their thyroid function or neurodevelopment of their children.

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“…Las lesiones nodulares tiroideas son bastante comunes durante la gestación; aparecen de novo o las existentes aumentan de tamaño (21) . En áreas con deficiencia de yodo leve a moderada, la incidencia de nódulos tiroideos durante el embarazo varía de 3 % a 21 % (22)(23)(24) . En la embarazada, los nódulos tiroideos tienen criterios diagnósticos similares a las no gestantes, con la excepción de imágenes con agentes radiactivos.…”

Section: Diagnósticounclassified

Manejo del cáncer de tiroides durante el embarazo

Reyna-Villasmil

2021

Rev peru ginecol obstet.

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El embarazo es una condición favorable para la formación y crecimiento del cáncer de tiroides, ya que el equilibrio de yodo puede ser negativo además de aumentar la producción de hormonas con actividad estimuladora de la tiroides. La mayoría de los cánceres encontrados durante el embarazo son cánceres de tiroides diferenciados con un pronóstico excelente. Aquellos casos diagnosticados durante el primer trimestre pueden ser extirpados por cirugía. La tiroidectomía puede realizarse de manera segura en el segundo trimestre del embarazo o retrasarse al periodo posparto, dependiendo de la edad gestacional. La paciente debe recibir levotiroxina en una dosis suficiente para mantener baja las concentraciones séricas de hormona tiroestimulante. La tiroglobulina sérica es un valioso método no invasivo para evaluar los efectos de este tratamiento. El objetivo de la revisión es establecer el manejo de cáncer de tiroides durante el embarazo.

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Alterations of thyroid volume and nodular size during and after pregnancy in a severe iodine‐deficient area

Abstract: Thyroid nodules were present in 30·1% of pregnant women. While size of the single/dominant thyroid nodule increased significantly during pregnancy, the number of nodules did not change.

Cited by 34 publications

References 39 publications

Ultrasonographic Evaluation of Changes in Thyroid Volume In Women During Pregnancy and Lactation

Ultrasonographic Evaluation of Changes in Thyroid Volume In Women During Pregnancy and Lactation

Mild to moderate iodine deficiency in pregnancy: A matter of debate

Manejo del cáncer de tiroides durante el embarazo

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