Altered lymphocyte populations in tumour invaded nodes of breast cancer patients

Alam, Sadaf; Clark, James S.; George, W.D.; Campbell, Ailsa M.

doi:10.1016/0165-2478(93)90187-7

Cited by 17 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Lymph node involvement remains the most influential prognostic factor in breast cancer progression. The presence of metastatic tumor cells in a lymph node is associated with specific alterations in the T cell population [89]. Sentinel lymph nodes are the nodes nearest to a primary tumor on the direct lymphatic drainage pathway of the breast and are the typical site of earliest metastasis.…”

Section: Possible Functions Of the T Cells In Disseminated Breast Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulatory T cells and breast cancer: implications for immunopathogenesis

Watanabe

Oda

Amarante

et al. 2010

Cancer Metastasis Rev

110

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Current understanding of the role of several cancer risk factors is more comprehensive, as reported for a number of sites, including the brain, colon, breasts, and ovaries. Despite such advances, the incidence of breast cancer continues to increase worldwide. Signals from the microenviroment have a profound influence on the maintenance or progression cancers. Although T cells present the most important immunological response in tumor growth in the early stages of cancer, they become suppressive CD4(+) and CD8(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) after chronic stimulation and interactions with tumor cells, thus promoting rather than inhibiting cancer development and progression. Tregs have an important marker protein which is FoxP3, though it does not necessarily confer a Treg phenotype when expressed in CD4(+) T lymphocytes. High Treg levels have been reported in peripheral blood, lymph nodes, and tumor specimens from patients with different types of cancer. The precise mechanisms by which Tregs suppress immune cell functions remain unclear, and there are reports of both direct inhibition through cell-cell contact and indirect inhibition through the secretion of anti-inflammatory mediators such as interleukin. In this review, we present the molecular and immunological aspects of Treg cells in the metastasis of breast cancer.

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Section: Possible Functions Of the T Cells In Disseminated Breast Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulatory T cells and breast cancer: implications for immunopathogenesis

Watanabe

Oda

Amarante

et al. 2010

Cancer Metastasis Rev

110

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…ADT, on the other hand, mitigated immune tolerance of prostate tissue in mice with prostate cancer, allowing T cells to develop effector function in response to vaccination. Given that augmentation of CD8+ T lymphocytes is important for homing of antigen-specific CTLs (53), strategies that enhance CD8+ T lymphocytes have become a principal focus of prostate cancer research. This is exemplified by adoptive immunotherapy, whereby activated CD8 T cells are generated ex vivo and reinfused to generate antitumor response (54).…”

Section: Evidence For T Cell-directed Immunotherapy In Prostate Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of androgen-deprivation therapy on the immune system: implications for combination therapy of prostate cancer

Aragon‐Ching

Williams²,

Gulley³

2007

Front Biosci

128

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Prostate cancer is the most common non-cutaneous malignancy in American men. Standard therapeutic strategies for systemic disease include androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) and chemotherapy, both of which are palliative. However, there is a growing interest in the use of immunotherapy for prostate cancer. Evidence suggests that ADT may 1) enhance lymphopoiesis and thus potentially improve immune responses to vaccine, 2) renew thymopoiesis and thus reverse age-induced thymic involution, 3) augment B-cell development, and 4) mitigate tolerance to prostate cancer antigens. Although no vaccines are currently approved for prostate cancer, there are many promising agents under investigation. This review focuses on recent findings on immune regulation by androgens and immune-system regeneration with ADT, with emphasis on the rationale for the combination of ADT and vaccines in the clinical treatment of prostate cancer.

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“…In breast cancer patients, both tumor-infiltrating and lymph node lymphocytes have been found to express an activated phenotype. Lymph node lymphocytes were found to be HLA-DR positive, and the percentage of HLA-DR positive cells derived from tumor-involved lymph nodes was significantly higher than those from tumor free lymph nodes [40][41][42][43]. Additionally, axillary lymph nodes contain the highest percentage of dendritic cells that, however, have defective functions in BC patients [14,44].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%