Altered Neuroendocrine Immune Responses, a Two-Sword Weapon against Traumatic Inflammation

Abstract

During the occurrence and development of injury (trauma, hemorrhagic shock, ischemia and hypoxia), the neuroendocrine and immune system act as a prominent navigation leader and possess an inter-system crosstalk between the reciprocal information dissemination. The fundamental reason that neuroendocrinology and immunology could mix each other and permeate toward the field of traumatology is owing to their same biological languages or chemical information molecules (hormones, neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, cytokines and their corresponding receptors) shared by the neuroendocrine and immune systems. The immune system is not only modulated by the neuroendocrine system, but also can modulate the biological functions of the neuroendocrine system. The interactive linkage of these three systems precipitates the complicated space-time patterns for the courses of traumatic inflammation. Recently, compelling evidence indicates that the network linkage pattern that initiating agents of neuroendocrine responses, regulatory elements of immune cells and effecter targets for immune regulatory molecules arouse the resistance mechanism disorders, which supplies the beneficial enlightenment for the diagnosis and therapy of traumatic complications from the view of translational medicine. Here we review the alternative protective and detrimental roles as well as possible mechanisms of the neuroendocrine immune responses in traumatic inflammation.

Spiders Use Structural Conversion of Globular Amyloidogenic Domains to Make Strong Silk Fibers

“…[42] A recent study discussed that the MiSp spacer found in the spider species Nephila antipodiana shares a similar structure with the AcSp and TuSp repetitive regions of the same spider species. [39] This structural similarity was also observed in the MiSp spacer of A. ventricosus, as its structure could be superimposed with the structures of AcSp and TuSp subunits (Figure 2b). Interestingly, the MiSp spacer also exhibited significant structure similarity to the PySp subunit (Figure 2b).…”

“…And indeed, recombinant N. antipodiana MiSp spacer was reported to assemble into fibers induced by shearing force. [39] The MiSp spacer domain was found to share a close phylogenetic relationship with PySp, AcSp, and TuSp, whereas the MiSp repetitive region (the Gly and Ala-rich region that contains typical MiSp repetitive motifs) was grouped with MaSp and Flag (Figure 2b). These findings suggest that the MiSp spacer and the Gly and Ala-rich region may have evolved independently.…”

Burnout in healthcare: a sign of death by overwork for doctors in China

“…Second, their promotion schema sets a seemingly reasonable criterion, but doctors feel under pressure to publish, leading to long working hours and excessive work stress 3. Third, the deterioration in patient-doctor relationships results in persistent high tension, leading to an imbalance of the neuroendocrine immune network 4. Physical and mental exhaustion were unavoidable.…”

Взаємозв’язок Сироваткового Вмісту Цитокінів І Нейропептидів У Дітей З Рекурентним Бронхітом І Синдромом Вертебробазилярної Артеріальної Системи

“…Наличие функциональной связи иммунной и нервной системы определяет, что нарушения последней негативным образом отражаются на функционировании иммунитета. Иммунный ответ не только модулируется нейроэндокринной системой, но и сам может влиять на биологические функции нейроэндокринной системы [7]. Интерактивная связь этих трех систем формирует сложные пространственновременные закономерности устранения любого повреждающего фактора.…”