Altered oxidative stress indexes related to disease progression marker in human immunodeficiency virus infected patients with antiretroviral therapy

Serum activities of oxidative burst enzymes in HIV infected subjects

“…Excessive immune activation, inflammation and OS are associated with the loss of immune cells, disease progression and increased risk of mortality [29,30]. Inflammation is an important non-specific protective response of a tissue to harmful agents and may be associated with an increased production of ROS and apoptosis of CD4+ cells in HIV infection [1]. In resting cells, the respiratory burst enzyme is dormant but is activated when the cells are exposed to appropriate stimuli.…”

The Role of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Proteins and Antiretroviral Drug Therapy in HIV-1-Induced Oxidative Stress

“…These results indicate that HAART may affect oxidative stress in HIV-1 infected patients and also suggested that antiretroviral therapy may exert a synergic effect with HIV-1 in the oxidative stress induction. Another study (Gil et al, 2010) evaluated the effect of two HAART combinations on redox indicators and on progression markers of disease. A cohort of 84 healthy and 84 HIV-1 seropositive subjects was followed for six months.…”

Oxidative Stress Associated to Disease Progression and Toxicity during Antiretroviral Therapy in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

“…Several studies relating OS with HAART associated to mitochondrial dysfunction were published by Masiá et al (2007), Ngondi et al (2006), Mandas et al (2009), Gil et al (2011), Lagathu et al (2007 and Sundaram et al (2008). Although the relation is proposed there is still a debate about whether it plays a direct role in HAART toxicity.…”

“…Reports by Gil et al (2011), Masiá et al (2007 and Ngondi et al (2006) about HAART influences on OS indexes noticed a decrease in the antioxidant system, an increase in damaged molecules and a failure to repair oxidative damage. Ngondi et al (2006) assessed the effect of different HAART combinations in OS parameters and found an increase in lipid oxidation while antioxidants decrease.…”

“…Almost redox implicated enzymes and molecules physiologically endogenous generated are involved in detoxification and general metabolism which could be altered too. Guaraldi et al (2011) andGil (2011) argue that persistent OS have a dramatic impact on immunological, clinical and nutritional status in HIV infection. Romero-Avila and Roche (1998) Dröge et al (1991) and Capeau (2011) recognized that OS caused by the imbalance between the generation and detoxification of ROS, could be related to premature aging, dementia, and other related adverse conditions and comorbidities during HIV infection.…”