Altered Patterns of the Fractional Amplitude of Low-Frequency Fluctuation and Functional Connectivity Between Deficit and Non-Deficit Schizophrenia

Abstract

Objective: A limited number of studies have previously reported on the regional activity [amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF)] and functional integration [functional connectivity (FC)] of the whole brain in deficit schizophrenia (DS). The present study investigates the resting-state characteristics of the fractional ALFF (fALFF) and the FC in both DS and non-deficit schizophrenia (NDS) patients, and further explores their correlations with neurocognitive features. Methods: Demographic, resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and neurocognitive data were collected from 33 DS and 41 NDS male patients, as well as in 40 male healthy controls (HCs). The voxel-wise fALFF was measured to evaluate regional cerebral function. Regions with differences in fALFF between DS and NDS patients were used as seed points in whole-brain FC analysis. Partial correlation analysis was conducted to examine associations between the fALFF or the FC of altered regions and neurocognitive assessments. Results: Both patient groups showed decreased fALFF in the sensorimotor area, visual cortex, and frontoparietal pathway, but increased fALFF in the precuneus and middle cingulate gyrus when compared with the HCs. Moreover, the NDS group demonstrated higher fALFF than HCs in the left thalamus, caudate, and hippocampus. Compared with the NDS group, the fALFF of the visual cortex was specifically increased, but that of the bilateral insula, the anterior cingulate gyrus (ACG), and the regions extended to the frontotemporal cortex was decreased in the DS group. Numerous abnormal FCs of nerve pathways were found between the two patient groups, mainly concentrated in the frontooccipital, frontotemporal, insula-visual cortex, as well as the temporooccipital pathway. Correlation analysis indicated that, in the DS group, the FC value between the left insula and the visual cortex was positively correlated with cognitive flexibility. In the NDS group, the fALFF of the right insula was negatively correlated with speech fluency, and the FC value between the ACG and the visual cortex was positively correlated with visual spatial memory. Conclusion: The present study demonstrates different altered patterns of fALFF and FC between male patients with DS and NDS. The specific altered regions of the salience network (SN) associated with impaired neurocognition in male DS patients suggest novel insights into the pathogenesis of cognitive impairment in schizophrenia.

The Relationship Between Abnormal Resting-State Functional Connectivity of the Left Superior Frontal Gyrus and Cognitive Impairments in Youth-Onset Drug-Naïve Schizophrenia

“…In addition, some studies have found that the insula plays a regulatory role in the activation vs. inactivation states of the CEN and the DMN. Therefore, structural and functional changes in the insula may have participated in the onset and progression of schizophrenia (47). In the present study, our main observations were decreased FC between the left SFG and insula.…”

Relationship Between Basic Properties of BOLD Fluctuations and Calculated Metrics of Complexity in the Human Connectome Project

“…In line with this hypothesis, areas like the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) that exhibit high resting state metabolism in PET scans also have higher ALFF and fALFF than other cortical areas (Zou et al, 2008). Furthermore, these measures of low frequency power can discriminate between patient groups and healthy controls or between rest and task performance (Zang et al, 2007;Cui et al, 2019;Li et al, 2019;Zhou et al, 2019).…”

Spontaneous Neural Activity Changes after Bariatric Surgery: a resting-state fMRI study

“…major depressive disorder, schizophrenia, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and addiction) and neurodegenerative diseases (e.g. Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia) to detect neural activity (40,41,60,61). However, very few studies have previously examined the effect of bariatric surgery on spontaneous neural activity as assessed with fALFF or ReHo (30,(34)(35)(36).…”