Altered reinforcement mechanisms in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Sagvolden, Terje; Aase, Heidi; Zeiner, Pål; Berger, David F.

doi:10.1016/s0166-4328(97)00170-8

Cited by 344 publications

(251 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The term impulsiveness has been applied to many different aspects of the operant behavior of humans and animals such as the emission of premature responses in schedules in which reinforcement is made contingent upon pausing [19][20][21], emitting short latency incorrect responses in conditional discrimination tasks [22][23][24][25], failure of responding to decline in extinction schedules [26,27], premature termination of sequences of response [28], impaired temporal differentiation of responding [29,30], and choice of small earlier reinforcers in preference to delayed larger reinforcers [31][32][33]. It seems unlikely that such disparate behaviors reflect a unitary underlying behavioral process; however, deficits in behavioral inhibition [34], waiting capacity [35], timing [36,37], behavioral switching [38], and tolerance of delay of gratification [33,39] have been proposed to encompass many of these behavioral phenomena [40].…”

Section: Measurement Of Impulsivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual Impulsivity in Hypersexual Men

Reid

Berlin

Kingston

2015

Curr Behav Neurosci Rep

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Hypersexual behavior is an emerging construct that is receiving increased attention from both clinicians and researchers. Several theoretical perspectives exist about hypersexuality and its associated characteristics. Although the role of impulsivity and how it might be linked to hypersexuality are still being investigated, this article attempts to highlight some of the important concepts related to impulsivity and how they differ from compulsivity. Findings from the field of neuroscience and psychology are integrated to give readers a broader perspective about existing perspectives about the etiology and mechanisms that might link impulsivity with hypersexual behavior. A theoretical model of sexuality impulsivity among hypersexual individuals is discussed, and we conclude by offering some future possibilities for researchers attempting to understand this construct.

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Section: Measurement Of Impulsivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual Impulsivity in Hypersexual Men

Reid

Berlin

Kingston

2015

Curr Behav Neurosci Rep

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“…Nonetheless, several studies have documented impaired performance in ADHD patients during RL tasks, like probability tracking (Frank, Santamaria, O'Reilly, & Willcutt, 2007a;Luman, et al, 2009) or reward temporal discounting (Scheres, Tontsch, Thoeny, & Kaczkurkin, 2010). Indeed, although the literature lacks complete consistency (Scheres, et al, 2006), ADHD patients typically prefer immediate small over delayed large rewards, showing a steeper temporal discount curve (Marco, et al, 2009;Sagvolden, Aase, Zeiner, & Berger, 1998;Scheres, Lee, & Sumiya, 2008;Scheres, et al, 2010). The latter characteristic is possibily related mainly to the hyperactive/impulsive dimension of ADHD , which could explain why some studies reported null results.…”

Section: Rl Impairment In Adhdmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first setting concerns behavioral and neurophysiological consequences of dopaminergic impairment in RL in uncertain environments (probability tracking tasks with reinforcement schedule). In the second simulation we investigated the effect of dopaminergic impairment on temporal discounting of rewards (Sagvolden, et al, 1998). In the third simulation, we examined how the reward schedule (continuous vs. partial) influences the performance of the lesioned system (ADHD) (Luman, Oosterlaan, & Sergeant, 2005).…”

Section: Acc Dysfunction In Adhdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deficient reinforcement learning in medial frontal cortex as a model of dopamine-related motivational deficits in ADHD

et al. 2013

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Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a pathophysiologically complex and heterogeneous condition with both cognitive and motivational components. We propose a novel computational hypothesis of motivational deficits in ADHD, drawing together recent evidence on the role of anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and associated meso-limbic dopamine circuits in both reinforcement learning and ADHD. Based on findings of dopamine dysregulation and ACC involvement in ADHD we simulated a lesion in a previously validated computational model of ACC (Reward Value and Prediction Model, RVPM). We explored the effects of the lesion on the processing of reinforcement signals. We tested specific behavioural predictions about the profile of reinforcement-related deficits in ADHD in three experimental contexts; probability tracking task, partial and continuous reward schedules, and immediate versus delayed rewards. In addition, predictions were made at the neurophysiological level.Behavioural and neurophysiological predictions from the RVPM-based lesion-model of motivational dysfunction in ADHD were confirmed by data from previously published studies. RVPM represents a promising model of ADHD reinforcement learning suggesting that ACC dysregulation might play a role in the pathogenesis of motivational deficits in ADHD. However, more behavioral and neurophysiological studies are required to test core predictions of the model. In addition, the interaction with different brain networks underpinning other aspects of ADHD neuropathology (i.e., executive function) needs to be better understood.

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“…The second model sees the ADHD as the result of a deficit in the signaling of late rewards, secondarily to changes in the motivational processes that involve the ventral frontal-striatal circuit and mesolimbic branches, especially those that end in the nucleus accumbens. 23 The adoption of a single 6 neurobiological etiological model seems to be insufficient until the moment to explain the great heterogeneity observed in the performance in neuropsychological tests. 24 Several studies have investigated the presence of neuropsychological deficits, particularly of executive functions in adults with ADHD.…”

Section: Neurobiological Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Painel brasileiro de especialistas sobre diagnóstico do transtorno de déficit de atenção/hiperatividade (TDAH) em adultos

Mattos

Palmini

Salgado

et al. 2006

Rev. psiquiatr. Rio Gd. Sul

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Considerando-se as dificuldades atuais do diagnóstico do transtorno do déficit de atenção/hiperatividade em adultos, foram reunidos especialistas brasileiros que fazem pesquisas nesta área, de modo a produzir diretrizes de consenso para uso no país. Foi realizada uma revisão não-sistemática preliminar e concebido um texto inicial, que foi repetidamente avaliado e editado pelos autores, com acréscimos e correções ao longo de 6 meses, através de correio eletrônico e de uma reunião posterior, patrocinada pela Associação Brasileira do Déficit de Atenção. A versão preliminar foi apresentada publicamente durante o congresso anual da Associação Brasileira de Psiquiatria, com comentários e sugestões dos participantes, para a redação da versão final.

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Altered reinforcement mechanisms in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Cited by 344 publications

References 30 publications

Sexual Impulsivity in Hypersexual Men

Sexual Impulsivity in Hypersexual Men

Deficient reinforcement learning in medial frontal cortex as a model of dopamine-related motivational deficits in ADHD

Painel brasileiro de especialistas sobre diagnóstico do transtorno de déficit de atenção/hiperatividade (TDAH) em adultos

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