Alternaria mycotoxins in wheat – A 10 years survey in the Northeast of Germany

Müller, Marina; Korn, Ulrike

doi:10.1016/j.foodcont.2013.04.018

Cited by 90 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The occurrence of Alternaria spp. reached 78%, which is similar to the results reported in different regions by many researchers [2,[11][12][13][14]. The fungi from the genus Alternaria are common members of the mycobiota of wheat grain, but the importance of this fungal group depends on various conditions and the species of pathogens.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

What influences the composition of fungi in wheat grains?

et al. 2017

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Wheat grains are inhabited by different fungi, including plant pathogens and fungi -mycotoxin producers. The composition of seed mycobiota can be influenced by different factors, including agronomic practices, but the results are still contradictory. The aim of this study was to evaluate the mycobiota of wheat grains depending on agroecological conditions. Wheat grains were obtained from a two-factorial field trial: A -tillage system (A1 -ploughing at a depth of 22-24 cm; A2 -harrowing at a depth of up to 10 cm); B -crop rotation (B1 -continuous wheat; B2 -oilseed rape and wheat; B3 -crop rotation). The mycobiota of grain were determined by mycological and molecular methods. The most abundant and widespread of the mycobiota were Pyrenophora tritici-repentis, Alternaria spp., Arthrinium spp., and Fusarium avenaceum. Higher amounts of precipitation increased the infection of grains with Fusarium fungi. Seven species of Fusarium were identified in the grain samples: F. avenaceum, F. poae, F. graminearum, F. culmorum, F. acuminatum, F. sporotrichioides, and F. tricinctum. The soil tillage method and crop rotation did not influence the total incidence of Fusarium spp., but the abundance of a particular species differed depending on agronomic practice. The research suggests that continuous wheat sowing under conditions of reduced soil tillage can increase the level of risk of grain infection with F. graminearum and, consequently, the accumulation of mycotoxins.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

What influences the composition of fungi in wheat grains?

et al. 2017

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“…ENNs have been detected at comparable or slightly lower levels, depending on which growing season was considered in the previously cited studies, while AUR, ZEA, EQU, BUT and 3-ADON are present at lower values than those found by Uhlig et al (2013). The Alternaria toxins, AOH and AME, are instead present at lower values than those reported by Müller and Korn (2013) and Uhlig et al (2013), while tentoxin, although only present in traces, has been found for the first time in naturally contaminated winter wheat. Finally, fumonisins, FA, BIK and DEC have also been detected in traces and, until now, no evidence has been reported about their occurrence in naturally contaminated winter wheat.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Effect of fungicide application to controlFusarium head blight and 20Fusarium andAlternaria mycotoxins in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Scarpino

Reyneri

Sulyok

et al. 2015

WMJ

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Azole fungicides have been reported to be the most effective active substances in the control of Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) and in the reduction of the main mycotoxins that occur in cereal grain, such as deoxynivalenol (DON). Four field experiments have been conducted in North West Italy, over a period of 2 growing seasons, in order to evaluate the effect of azole fungicide (prothioconazole) applications on the prevalence of emerging mycotoxins in common winter wheat under naturally-infected field conditions. Wheat samples have been analysed by means of a diluteand-shoot multi-mycotoxin LC-MS/MS method. Twenty fungal metabolites were detected: enniatins, aurofusarin, moniliformin, equisetin, DON, deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside, culmorin, bikaverin, beauvericin, fumonisins, fusaric acid, 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol, 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol, nivalenol, zearalenone, decalonectrin, butenolide, tentoxin, alternariol and alternariol methyl ether. The most abundant fungal metabolites were DON and culmorin, with an average contamination in the untreated control of 1,360 µg/kg and 875 µg/kg, respectively, in the growing season with the highest disease pressure (2011)(2012). On average, the results have shown that the fungicide application significantly reduced the enniatins (from 127 µg/kg to 46 µg/kg), aurofusarin (from 62 µg/kg to 21 µg/kg), moniliformin (from 32 µg/kg to 16 µg/kg), tentoxin (from 5.2 µg/kg to 2.5 µg/kg) and equisetin (from 0.72 µg/kg to 0.06 µg/kg) contents in all the experiments. However, DON, deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside and culmorin were only significantly reduced in the growing season with the highest disease pressure. The other fungal metabolites were mainly found in traces in the untreated plots. These results, which have been obtained in different environmental and agronomic conditions, have underlined for the first time that the fungicide usually applied to control the FHB and DON content, also consistently reduces the main emerging mycotoxins of winter wheat in temperate areas.

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“…Consequently, Alternaria mycotoxins were detected in cereals and derived products [46,[57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73][74][75][76], feed [74,[109][110][111][112][113], dairy products [114], grapes and by-products [27,77,115], tomatoes and derived products [31,47,77,81,106,113], nuts and by-products [102,116], spices [117], soybeans [76,116,118], sunflower seeds [85,104,107], vegetables [27,101], vegetable oils [105], strawberries …”

Section: Prevalence Of Alternaria Mycotoxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

AlternariaMycotoxins in Food and Feed: An Overview

Escrivá

Oueslati

Font

et al. 2017

Journal of Food Quality

147

127

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Alternaria is one of the major mycotoxigenic fungal genera with more than 70 reported metabolites. Alternaria mycotoxins showed notably toxicity, such as mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, induction of DNA strand break, sphingolipid metabolism disruption, or inhibition of enzymes activity and photophosphorylation. This review reports on the toxicity, stability, metabolism, current analytical methods, and prevalence of Alternaria mycotoxins in food and feed through the most recent published research. Half of the publications were focused on fruits, vegetables, and derived products-mainly tomato and apples-while cereals and cereal byproducts represented 38%. The most studied compounds were alternariol, alternariol methyl ether, tentoxin, and tenuazonic acid, but altenuene, altertoxins (I, II, and III), and macrosporin have been gaining importance in recent years. Solid-liquid extraction (50%) with acetonitrile or ethyl acetate was the most common extraction methodology, followed by QuEChERS and dilutiondirect injection (both 14%). High-and ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry was the predominant determination technique (80%). The highest levels of alternariol and alternariol methyl ether were found in lentils, oilseeds, tomatoes, carrots, juices, wines, and cereals. Tenuazonic acid highest levels were detected in cereals followed by beer, while alternariol, alternariol methyl ether, tenuazonic acid, and tentoxin were found in legumes, nuts, and oilseeds.

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Alternaria mycotoxins in wheat – A 10 years survey in the Northeast of Germany

Cited by 90 publications

References 28 publications

What influences the composition of fungi in wheat grains?

What influences the composition of fungi in wheat grains?

Effect of fungicide application to controlFusarium head blight and 20Fusarium andAlternaria mycotoxins in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

AlternariaMycotoxins in Food and Feed: An Overview

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