<i>Alternaria</i>Mycotoxins in Food and Feed: An Overview

Escrivá, Laura; Oueslati, Souheib; Font, Guillermina; Manyes, Lara

doi:10.1155/2017/1569748

Cited by 146 publications

(136 citation statements)

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“…These aforementioned compounds were never reported yet in any of the two species Rivera and Seifert, 2011). It is noteworthy to mention that infectopyron is usually produced by Alternaria species (Escrivá et al, 2017). Thus, its presence in all cultures of P. citrinum and P. steckii in the present study (Supplementary Figure S1) corroborates its recent detection in cultures of P. citrinum isolated from cocoa processing (Akinfala et al, 2020), and confirms production in section Citrina.…”

Section: Metabolites From Penicillium and Talaromycessupporting

confidence: 88%

Fungal Diversity and Mycotoxins in Low Moisture Content Ready-To-Eat Foods in Nigeria

et al. 2020

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Low moisture content ready-to-eat foods vended in Nigerian markets could be prepackaged or packaged at point of sale. These foods are widely and frequently consumed across Nigeria as quick foods. Despite their importance in the daily diets of Nigerians, a comprehensive study on the diversity of fungi, fungal metabolite production potential, and mycotoxin contamination in the foods has not yet been reported. Therefore, this study assessed the diversity of fungi in 70 samples of low moisture content ready-to-eat foods [cheese balls, garri (cassava-based), granola (a mix of cereals and nuts) and popcorn] in Nigeria by applying a polyphasic approach including morphological examination, genera/species-specific gene marker sequencing and secondary metabolite profiling of fungal cultures. Additionally, mycotoxin levels in the foods were determined by LC-MS/MS. Fungal strains (n = 148) were recovered only from garri. Molecular analysis of 107 representative isolates revealed 27 species belonging to 12 genera: Acremonium, Allophoma, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Fusarium, Microdochium, Penicillium, Sarocladium, Talaromyces, and Tolypocladium in the Ascomycota, and Fomitopsis and Trametes in the Basidiomycota. To the best of our knowledge Allophoma, Fomitopsis, Microdochium, Tolypocladium, and Trametes are reported in African food for the first time. A total of 21 uncommon metabolites were found in cultures of the following species: andrastin A and sporogen AO1 in Aspergillus flavus; paspalin in A. brunneoviolaceus; lecanoic acid and rugulusovin in A. sydowii; sclerotin A in P. citrinum and Talaromyces siamensis; barceloneic acid, festuclavine, fumigaclavine, isochromophilons (IV, VI, and IX), ochrephilone, sclerotioramin, and sclerotiorin in P. sclerotium; epoxyagroclavine, infectopyron, methylorsellinic acid and trichodermamide C in P. steckii; moniliformin and sporogen AO1 in P. copticola; and aminodimethyloctadecanol in Tolypocladium. Twenty-four mycotoxins in addition to other 73 fungal and plant toxins were quantified in the foods. In garri, cheeseballs, popcorn and granola were 1, 6, 12, and 23 mycotoxins detected, respectively. Frontiers in Microbiology | www.frontiersin.org 1 April 2020 | Volume 11 | Article 615 Ezekiel et al. Fungi and Mycotoxins in Ready-to-Eat FoodsDeoxynivalenol, fumonisins, moniliformin, aflatoxins and citrinin contaminated 37, 31, 31, 20, and 14% of all food samples, respectively. Overall, citrinin had the highest mean concentration of 1481 µg/kg in the foods, suggesting high citrinin exposures in the Nigerian populace. Fungal and mycotoxin contamination of the foods depend on pre-food and post-food processing practices.

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Section: Metabolites From Penicillium and Talaromycessupporting

confidence: 88%

Fungal Diversity and Mycotoxins in Low Moisture Content Ready-To-Eat Foods in Nigeria

et al. 2020

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“…Alternaria toxins have been investigated at in vitro scale by several research studies over the past decade. However, insufficient data are available about their in vivo hazardous effects [12].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outcomes of Gallic Acid on Alternariol Induced Cyto-Morphic and Genotoxic In Vivo Changes in Parotid Gland: 4-HNE Incorporated

2019

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Alternaria toxins are emerging mycotoxins that gained considerable interest with increasing evidence of their existence and toxicological properties. There is limited research and insufficient data about their in vivo hazardous effects. We designed this study to evaluate histopathological and genotoxic in vivo impacts of alternariol (AOH) on the parotid gland as well as to assess the competency of gallic acid (GA) in reversing these effects. Forty healthy adult male Wister rats were utilized and assigned equally on control, GA, alternariol and AOH+ gallic treated groups. Parotid gland samples from experimental groups were collected and then examined for histopathological, ultrastructural and immunohistochemical examination for 4-hydroxynonenal “4-HNE as lipid peroxidation marker” as well as Comet assay for DNA damage. Additionally, parotid tissue homogenates were tested for catalase “CAT”, superoxide dismutase “SOD” and malondialdehyde “MDA” levels. Our data proved that alternariol produced various histopathological and ultrastructural alterations of parotid acini as well as significant DNA damage, significant reduction of CAT and SOD enzymatic activity and significant boosting of 4-HNE immunohistochemical expression and MDA levels as compared to control group. On the other hand, gallic acid administration almost restored histological and ultrastructural parotid architecture, 4-HNE immune-expression and biochemical levels. Ultimately, we demonstrated alternariol-induced histopathological and genotoxic alterations on parotid gland as well as the competency of gallic acid in reversing these effects.

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“…Despite the fact that the optimum temperature for the growth of Alternaria spp. ranges between 22 and 30 °C, those fungi are able to develop at minimal temperatures (2.5-6.5 °C), and even in temperatures below the minimum-from 0 to − 5 °C [3,4]. Additionally, they tolerate reduced water activity values very well.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The antimycotic effect of ellagitannins from raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) on Alternaria alternata ŁOCK 0409

Klewicka

Sójka

Ścieszka

et al. 2020

Eur Food Res Technol

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Alternaria spp. fungi, characterized by a high tolerance to unfavorable environmental conditions, are one of the threats for foods of plant origin. The increasing incidence of diseases caused by a demanding lifestyle, and a higher social awareness of the role of a diet in maintaining health and good condition, results in the dynamically growing demand for natural protective measures that would be safe for consumers. Ellagitannins, i.e. a group of bio-active polyphenols, may constitute an alternative for chemical preservatives. Studies demonstrated that the raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) ellagitannin formula limited the growth of Alternaria alternata 0409. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined (0.156 mg/ml), along with the minimal fungicidal concentration (MFC) (0.312 mg/ml). The fungistatic (FA) activity and the ratio of linear growth (T) were also determined for the ellagitannin formula. A strong antimycotic activity of ellagitannins was demonstrated at the formula level of 0.1 mg/ml. Unfortunately, the activity was not maintained over time and after 9 days it was only 16.0%. For the ellagitannin formula, concentrations of 0.312 mg/ml (MFC) and 0.5 mg/ml (below the MFC value), a complete arrest of growth of Alternaria alternata 0409 was observed, and it was maintained for 9 days. The antimycotic activity of the ellagitannin formula was also confirmed in food environment, with cottage cheese and cherry tomatoes used as the matrix. Results confirmed that ellagitannins from raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) could be successfully used as a natural food preservative.

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AlternariaMycotoxins in Food and Feed: An Overview

Cited by 146 publications

References 119 publications

Fungal Diversity and Mycotoxins in Low Moisture Content Ready-To-Eat Foods in Nigeria

Fungal Diversity and Mycotoxins in Low Moisture Content Ready-To-Eat Foods in Nigeria

Outcomes of Gallic Acid on Alternariol Induced Cyto-Morphic and Genotoxic In Vivo Changes in Parotid Gland: 4-HNE Incorporated

The antimycotic effect of ellagitannins from raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) on Alternaria alternata ŁOCK 0409

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