Alternate arm modular multilevel converter energy balancing via overlap onset control

Full Energy Management of EO-AAC: Toward a Dynamic Equivalence With MMC

“…So far, two main approaches have been considered to maintain leg energy levels at their nominal values. The first one, consists of an adjustment of the overlap period length to modify the power flowing through the converter legs [16], [17]. Because the EO-AAC operates with fixed overlap period this control is therefore not considered.…”

Analysing dynamics and synthesising a robust vector control for the dc‐voltage power port based on the modular multilevel converter in multi‐infeed AC/DC smart grids

“…In addition, W d (s) is selected using (9) to reject P ext at low frequencies as much as possible by minimising the H ∞ norm from disturbance to the output. Besides, in order to induce internal model dynamics and, thus, facilitate a simple control design with appropriate transient performance, W p (s) is selected to be (10). Robust controller synthesis toolbox has been subsequently employed to search and extract the optimal controller K(s) using the DK-iteration method.…”

“…Different technologies are being employed in MIACDC grids, among which the modular multilevel converter (MMC) is one of the emerging and pioneering technologies in the power electronics industry nowadays. In fact, among all converters' topologies, two-level and neutral-point-clamped (NPC) ones are giving ground to the MMC technology for various technical reasons as MMC has significantly been developed in the power industry [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28].…”

“…According to the space-phasor representation and control theory of voltage-sourced converters (VSCs), the instantaneous power of all different energy-storing components plays a key role in the whole dc-voltage dynamics -as per VSCs' control techniques (see [30][31][32][33] and references therein). Although both recent and early research works on grid-tied MMCs and their topologies/controls have conducted comprehensive studies associated with the operation and controls of these converters [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28], none of them have proposed any control design strategy for the MMC-based dcvoltage power ports considering their robust operating. There is a need to synthesise a controller -which is able to optimally and robustly control the dc voltage by these highly emerging converters and assure both robust stability and performance.…”