Alternate Gradient Focusing and Deceleration of a Molecular Beam

Bethlem, Hendrick L.; Roij, André J. A. van; Jongma, Rienk T.; Meijer, Gerard

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.88.133003

Cited by 114 publications

(123 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…In addition, with this linear geometry, it is possible to load hfs molecules directly into the trap. The linear trap could be equally well combined with an alternate gradient (AG) decelerator 9,14 for molecules in hfs states. This would widen the scope of the species amenable to deceleration and efficient trapping to large molecules, which possess only hfs states.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Linear AC Trap for Polar Molecules in Their Ground State

et al. 2007

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A linear AC trap for polar molecules in high-field seeking states has been devised and implemented, and its characteristics have been investigated both experimentally and theoretically. The trap is loaded with slow 15 ND 3 molecules in their ground state (para-ammonia) from a Stark decelerator. The trap's geometry offers optimal access as well as improved loading. We present measurements of the dependence of the trap's performance on the switching frequency, which exhibit a characteristic structure due to nonlinear resonance effects. The molecules are found to oscillate in the trap under the influence of the trapping forces, which were analyzed using 3D numerical simulations. On the basis of expansion measurements, molecules with a velocity and a position spread of 2.1 m/s and 0.4 mm, respectively, are still accepted by the trap. This corresponds to a temperature of 2.0 mK. From numerical simulations, we find the phase-space volume that can be confined by the trap (the acceptance) to be 50 mm 3 (m/s) 3 .

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Linear AC Trap for Polar Molecules in Their Ground State

et al. 2007

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“…Other electrode geometries can be used to select neutral molecules or clusters, e.g., the electric quadrupole filter or the alternating gradient decelerator 22,[38][39][40] . These devices, however, are significantly larger (>1 m) and much more complex to manufacture and install.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial Separation of Molecular Conformers and Clusters

Horke

Trippel

Chang

et al. 2014

JoVE

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Gas-phase molecular physics and physical chemistry experiments commonly use supersonic expansions through pulsed valves for the production of cold molecular beams. However, these beams often contain multiple conformers and clusters, even at low rotational temperatures. We present an experimental methodology that allows the spatial separation of these constituent parts of a molecular beam expansion. Using an electric deflector the beam is separated by its mass-to-dipole moment ratio, analogous to a bender or an electric sector mass spectrometer spatially dispersing charged molecules on the basis of their mass-to-charge ratio. This deflector exploits the Stark effect in an inhomogeneous electric field and allows the separation of individual species of polar neutral molecules and clusters. It furthermore allows the selection of the coldest part of a molecular beam, as low-energy rotational quantum states generally experience the largest deflection. Different structural isomers (conformers) of a species can be separated due to the different arrangement of functional groups, which leads to distinct dipole moments. These are exploited by the electrostatic deflector for the production of a conformationally pure sample from a molecular beam. Similarly, specific cluster stoichiometries can be selected, as the mass and dipole moment of a given cluster depends on the degree of solvation around the parent molecule. This allows experiments on specific cluster sizes and structures, enabling the systematic study of solvation of neutral molecules. Video LinkThe video component of this article can be found at

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“…We have recently demonstrated that this technique can be successfully applied to this "unfavourable" molecule [6], which has a comparatively small ratio of Stark shift to initial kinetic energy and therefore requires a large number of deceleration stages. The application of Stark deceleration on similar molecules was also demonstrated before with YbF [7], with a different type of Stark decelerator [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…To deplete the total kinetic energy of the molecule several deceleration stages (each removing ∆E) are required, for which the switching is repeated. With a modified geometry of electrodes and switching sequence, molecules in high field seeking states can also be decelerated [7,8].…”

Section: Principlementioning

confidence: 99%

Cold SO2 molecules by Stark deceleration

et al. 2008

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Abstract.We produce SO2 molecules with a centre of mass velocity near zero using a Stark decelerator. Since the initial kinetic energy of the supersonic SO2 molecular beam is high, and the removed kinetic energy per stage is small, 326 deceleration stages are necessary to bring SO2 to a complete standstill, significantly more than in other experiments. We show that in such a decelerator possible loss due to coupling between the motional degrees of freedom must be considered. Experimental results are compared with 3D Monte-Carlo simulations and the quantum state selectivity of the Stark decelerator is demonstrated.

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Alternate Gradient Focusing and Deceleration of a Molecular Beam

Cited by 114 publications

References 28 publications

A Linear AC Trap for Polar Molecules in Their Ground State

A Linear AC Trap for Polar Molecules in Their Ground State

Spatial Separation of Molecular Conformers and Clusters

Cold SO2 molecules by Stark deceleration

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