Alternating (AC) Loop Current Attacks Against the KLJN Secure Key Exchange Scheme

Melhem, Mutaz Y.; Chamon, Christiana; Ferdous, Shahriar; Kish, László B.

doi:10.1142/s0219477521500504

Cited by 7 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 90 publications

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“…74 In the vast body of literature, similarly to the field of QKD, there are attacks, defense techniques, and debates about them. Some of the attacks utilize non-ideal component features that can cause miniscule information leak which can be nullified [75][76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86] by design and/or privacy amplification. 43,52 Some attacks are invalid, (e.g.…”

Section: The Kirchhoff-law-johnson-noise (Kljn) Key Exchangementioning

confidence: 99%

Perspective—On the thermodynamics of perfect unconditional security

Chamon

Kish

2021

Applied Physics Letters

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A secure key distribution (exchange) scheme is unconditionally secure if it is unbreakable against arbitrary technological improvements of computing power and/or any development of new algorithms.There are only two families of experimentally realized and tested unconditionally secure key distribution technologies: Quantum Key Distribution (QKD), the base of quantum cryptography, which utilizes quantum physical photonic features; and the Kirchhoff-Law-Johnson-Noise (KLJN) system that is based on classical statistical physics (fluctuation-dissipation theorem). The focus topic of this paper is the thermodynamical situation of the KLJN system. In all the original works, the proposed KLJN schemes required thermal equilibrium between the devices of the communicating parties to achieve perfect security. However, Vadai, et al, in (Nature) Science Reports 5 ( 2015) 13653 shows a modified scheme, where there is a non-zero thermal noise energy flow between the parties, yet the system seems to resist all the known attack types. We introduce a new attack type against their system. The new attack utilizes coincidence events between the line current and voltages. We show that there is non-zero information leak toward the Eavesdropper, even under idealized conditions. As soon as the thermal equilibrium is restored, the system becomes perfectly secure again. In conclusion, perfect unconditional security requires thermal equilibrium.

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Section: The Kirchhoff-law-johnson-noise (Kljn) Key Exchangementioning

confidence: 99%

Perspective—On the thermodynamics of perfect unconditional security

Chamon

Kish

2021

Applied Physics Letters

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Quantum computing: A taxonomy, systematic review and future directions

et al. 2021

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Quantum computing (QC) is an emerging paradigm with the potential to offer significant computational advantage over conventional classical computing by exploiting quantum‐mechanical principles such as entanglement and superposition. It is anticipated that this computational advantage of QC will help to solve many complex and computationally intractable problems in several application domains such as drug design, data science, clean energy, finance, industrial chemical development, secure communications, and quantum chemistry. In recent years, tremendous progress in both quantum hardware development and quantum software/algorithm has brought QC much closer to reality. Indeed, the demonstration of quantum supremacy marks a significant milestone in the Noisy Intermediate Scale Quantum (NISQ) era—the next logical step being the quantum advantage whereby quantum computers solve a real‐world problem much more efficiently than classical computing. As the quantum devices are expected to steadily scale up in the next few years, quantum decoherence and qubit interconnectivity are two of the major challenges to achieve quantum advantage in the NISQ era. QC is a highly topical and fast‐moving field of research with significant ongoing progress in all facets. A systematic review of the existing literature on QC will be invaluable to understand the state‐of‐the‐art of this emerging field and identify open challenges for the QC community to address in the coming years. This article presents a comprehensive review of QC literature and proposes taxonomy of QC. The proposed taxonomy is used to map various related studies to identify the research gaps. A detailed overview of quantum software tools and technologies, post‐quantum cryptography, and quantum computer hardware development captures the current state‐of‐the‐art in the respective areas. The article identifies and highlights various open challenges and promising future directions for research and innovation in QC.

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Transient attacks against the Kirchhoff–Law–Johnson–Noise (KLJN) secure key exchanger

Ferdous

Kish

2023

Applied Physics Letters

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We demonstrate the security vulnerability of an ideal Kirchhoff–Law–Johnson–Noise key exchanger against transient attacks. Transients start when Alice and Bob connect a wire to their chosen resistor at the beginning of each clock cycle. A transient attack takes place during a short duration of time, before the transients reflected from the end of Alice and Bob mix together. The information leak arises from the fact that Eve (the eavesdropper) monitors the cable and analyzes the transients during this time period. We will demonstrate such a transient attack, and then, we introduce a defense protocol to protect against the attack. Computer simulations demonstrate that after applying the defense method the information leak becomes negligible.

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Alternating (AC) Loop Current Attacks Against the KLJN Secure Key Exchange Scheme

Cited by 7 publications

References 90 publications

Perspective—On the thermodynamics of perfect unconditional security

Perspective—On the thermodynamics of perfect unconditional security

Quantum computing: A taxonomy, systematic review and future directions

Transient attacks against the Kirchhoff–Law–Johnson–Noise (KLJN) secure key exchanger

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