Alternative Biotest on Artemia franciscana

Dvořák, Petr; Beňová, Katarí­na; Vitek, Jiri J.

doi:10.5772/29114

Cited by 15 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 63 publications

(46 reference statements)

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“…After more than five decades of use in ecotoxicology, Artemia spp. demonstrated its ability mainly as pre-screening of toxic agents (Dvorak et al, 2012), thus Artemia spp. endpoints seem to respond to the market need of toxicity testing tools, even though no internationally standardised toxicity testing protocols currently exist according to OECD and ISO.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The adoption and implementation of the European legislation about the Registration, Evaluation, Authorization, and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) (EC, 2006) required several additional ecotoxicity data promoting the decrease of vertebrates used in toxicity testing encouraging alternative strategies with invertebrates, plants as well as organ, tissue, and cell cultures (Dvorak et al, 2012). During the last 50 years, various invertebrates were assessed to investigate their sensitivity to many physical and chemical agents for their possible use as pre-screening or screening models.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A review of toxicity testing protocols and endpoints with Artemia spp.

Libralato

Prato

Migliore

et al. 2016

Ecological Indicators

143

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Artemia spp. is an historically popular biological model still requiring an official internationally based standardization. Several endpoints are currently available. Short-term acute endpoints include biomarker (acetylcholinesterase; heat stress proteins; lipid peroxidation; thiobarbituric acid reactive substances; thioredoxin reductase; glutathione-peroxidase; glutathione S-transferase; glutathione reductase; aldehyde dehydrogenase; and adenylpyrophosphatase and Fluotox), hatching (dry biomass, morphological disorders and size), behavioral (swimming speed and path length), teratogenicity (growth), and immobilization (meaning mortality after 5-30 s observation). Long-term chronic tests focus on growth, reproduction and survival or mortality after 7-28 d exposure from larval to adulthood stage. We analyzed each test looking at its endpoint, toxicant and experimental design including replicates, exposure time, number of exposed cysts or organisms and their relative life stage, exposure conditions during hatching and testing (salinity, pH, light intensity, aeration dilution media, and food supply), type of testing chambers, and quality assurance and quality control criteria. Similarities and differences between the identified approaches were highlighted. Results evidenced that hatching 24 h short-term and 14 d longterm mortality are the most promising Artemia spp. protocols that should go forward with international standardization.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of toxicity testing protocols and endpoints with Artemia spp.

Libralato

Prato

Migliore

et al. 2016

Ecological Indicators

143

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…As a result, Artemia embryos are readily available for use in teaching (Tomkins, 2000) and research applications (Persoone and Wells, 1987;Clegg, 2001;Nunes et al, 2006). Due in large part to convenience and limited alternatives, Artemia has become a standard ecotoxicological model (Persoone and Wells, 1987;Dvorak et al, 2012), and is often applied in assessments of marine environments (Nunes et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel model of early development in the brine shrimp,Artemia franciscana, and its use in assessing the effects of environmental variables on development, emergence, and hatching

Neumeyer

Ruggiero

Covi

2014

Journal of Morphology

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The brine shrimp, Artemia (Crustacea, Anostraca), is a zooplankton that is commonly used in both basic and applied research. Unfortunately, Artemia embryos are often cultured under conditions that alter early development, and reports based on these cultures oversimplify or fail to describe morphological phenotypes. This is due in part to the lack of a comprehensive developmental model that is applicable to observations of live specimens. The objective of this study was to build and test a descriptive model of post-diapause development in Artemia franciscana using observations made with a standard dissecting microscope. The working model presented is the first to comprehensively place all known "abnormal" embryonic and naupliar phenotypes within the context of a classic hatching profile. Contrary to previous reports, embryos and nauplii with aberrant phenotypes often recover and develop normally. Oval prenauplii may emerge as normal prenauplii (E2 stage). A delay of this transition leads to incomplete hatching or direct hatching of first instar larvae with a curved thoracoabdomen. When hatching is incomplete, retained cuticular remnants are shed during the next molt, and a "normal" second instar larva is produced. By differentiating between molting events and gross embryonic patterning in live embryos, this new model facilitates fine time-scale analyses of chemical and environmental impacts on early development. A small increase in salinity within what is commonly believed to be a permissive range (20‰-35‰) produced aberrant morphology by delaying emergence without slowing development. A similar effect was observed by decreasing culture density within a range commonly applied in toxicological studies. These findings clearly demonstrate that morphological data from end-point studies are highly dependent on the time points chosen. An alternate assessment method is proposed, and the potential impact of heavy metals, hexachlorobenzene, Mirex, and cis-nonachlor detected in commercial embryos is discussed.

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“…Artemia spp. have been used since long time for landscaping of toxicants used in toxicological experiments (Dvorak et al, 2012), therefore, due to lack of stringent and globally accepted protocol, brine shrimp species could be utilized for assessment of the toxicity. In this back drop, an experiment was executed to stream line BSLA for maximizing its sensitivity for carry out the plethora of toxicity studies taking solvent extracts of T. arjuna as a case study with consideration of its ethno-medicinal importance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospects and perspectives of virtual in-vitro toxicity studies on herbal extracts of Terminalia arjuna with enhanced stratagem in Artemia salina model: a panacea to explicit the credence of solvent system in brine shrimp lethality bioassay

Meena¹,

Sahoo²,

Swain³

et al. 2020

Emir J Food Agric

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An in-vitro toxicity study was undertaken for the validation, laydown the standards, supplement some of the information on assessment and define the nature of toxicity of different solvent extracts of Terminalia arjuna considering Artemia salina model, as a case study. In the present study, experimental conditions such as yellow color light of 100 W at 5% salinity for 48 hours with pH 8.0-8.5 at 30 0C, picking up of nauplii with 3mL dropper cut at its tip, 24 hours incubation in same experimental conditions and visualization with 50X magnifying glass were modified unlike previous studies. Functional screening of solvent extracts with their mother solvents revealed that hex, Etac, Chlo, Acet, Etoh, and Meoh exhibited, the LC50 values as 118.50, 101.75, 93.36, 278.32, 528.78 and 477.67 ppm, respectively, designating them as; medium, medium, high, medium, low, medium toxic, while in their solvent extract forms the toxicity nature gets changed indicating the effectiveness of the extracts. Study, also defines the toxicity level for universal solvents such as DMSO and Dw as to be non-toxic as per the Meyers toxicity index and Clarkson’s toxicity criterion. Among solvent extracts of T. arjuna, all were found to be toxic as per Meyers toxicity index. However, with reference to Clarkson’s toxicity criterion, solvent extracts comprehended extended toxicity classes as low, medium and high toxic. The PCA 1 and 2 showed, 69.46% and 19.74% variations indicating strong correlation between the parameters. The results confirmed that LC50 of any solvent extract could be treated as relative LC50, which is the fraction of mother solvent and could be treated as absolute LC50, which is the actual potential of the solvent extracts that might be positive for less effective and negative for highly effective solvent extracts. For smoothening of experimental results, negative sign was ignored. Relative LC50, relative LC50%, absolute LC50, and absolute LC50% could find liner relation with their % fractions and inverse relation with their counterparts. Thus present study advocates the inclusion of relative LC50, relative LC50%, , absolute LC50, absolute LC50%, considerating 95% upper and lower fiducial class intervals and TI values while fixing the nature of toxicity and designating the safety aspect to the host. Also, the study recommends for the collective effort to make BSLA as an internationally accepted and robust standard by revisiting and supplementing the existing toxicity criterion for the BSLA.

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Alternative Biotest on Artemia franciscana

Cited by 15 publications

References 63 publications

A review of toxicity testing protocols and endpoints with Artemia spp.

A review of toxicity testing protocols and endpoints with Artemia spp.

A novel model of early development in the brine shrimp,Artemia franciscana, and its use in assessing the effects of environmental variables on development, emergence, and hatching

Prospects and perspectives of virtual in-vitro toxicity studies on herbal extracts of Terminalia arjuna with enhanced stratagem in Artemia salina model: a panacea to explicit the credence of solvent system in brine shrimp lethality bioassay

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