Alternative collection systems for decentralized wastewater management: an overview and case study of the vacuum collection system in Eretria town, Greece

Gikas, Petros; Ranieri, Ezio; Sougioultzis, Dimitrios; Farazaki, Maria; Tchobanoglous, George

doi:10.2166/wpt.2017.050

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…cuum pump to transport wastewater through the network, which is composed of three main components; vacuum valve chambers, vacuum mains and a vacuum station [17]. This collection system was invented by Charles Liernur in 1866 and was installed in towns in Europe including Amsterdam [16], with the first commercial system created by the Lijendahl Corporation (now Electrolux) in 1959 [17]. Vacuum sewer collection systems are considered to be an "eco-innovative" wastewater collection system, preventing the seepages and odors which can occur in a conventional gravity system [18].…”

Section: P Mccullough R Mcdermott Journal Of Water Resource and Prmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Molatore [23] stated that "every sewering option has its place". Significant research has been and is currently being carried out into these systems, with [16] finding that the initial capital costs of conventional gravity sewage systems can be 20% -50% greater than that of alternative systems in difficult areas, including locations with high water tables, flat terrain and unstable or rocky conditions. Furthermore, the use of onsite wastewater treatment systems (OWTS) was assessed against alternative sewage collection systems by [24], who carried out a cost analysis to determine the best option based on the area's population density.…”

Section: P Mccullough R Mcdermott Journal Of Water Resource and Prmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This system has been used for thousands of years; therefore, all other collection system options can be considered to be "alternative" systems [12] [15]. However, gravity sewers have several limitations, and may not be the most suitable option for certain situations, including where the site topography is flat or the groundwater level is high, leading to infiltration [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Comparison of the Operational Energy Demand of Both Low Pressure and Vacuum Collection Systems

McDermott

2020

JWARP

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Climate change is regarded as the greatest threat to society in the coming years, and directly affects the water industry; with changes in temperature, rainfall intensities and sea levels resulting in increased treatment and subsequent energy costs. As one of the largest global consumers of energy, the water industry has the opportunity to significantly prevent climate change by reducing energy usage and subsequent carbon footprints. Wastewater treatment alone requires an estimated 1%-3% of a country overall energy output while producing 1.6% of its global greenhouse gas emissions; over 75% of which can be due to the collection system. Gravity flows should therefore be incorporated where possible, reducing pumping requirements and therefore minimizing costs and subsequent carbon footprints. This study has assessed the operational energy usage of the alternative collection systems low pressure and vacuum, for use in situations in which a conventional gravity system is not practicable. This was carried out through hypothetical scenario testing using design parameters derived from literature, generating 60 hypothetical collection mains with variations in population, static head and main length. From this study, it was found that the energy demand of a low pressure system is 3.2-4.2 times greater than that of its equivalent vacuum system in the same scenario. Energy demand for both systems increases with population, static head and main length. However, population and therefore flow changes were found to have the greatest effect on the energy usage of both systems. Therefore, flow reduction measures should be adopted if the decarbonization of the water industry is to be achieved.

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Section: P Mccullough R Mcdermott Journal Of Water Resource and Prmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: P Mccullough R Mcdermott Journal Of Water Resource and Prmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Comparison of the Operational Energy Demand of Both Low Pressure and Vacuum Collection Systems

McDermott

2020

JWARP

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“…It is not entirely clear who can be named the inventor of vacuum sewer system and exact year of invention. A Dutch engineer and former Captain in the US army Charles Thieme Liernur, invented pneumatic system in 1868 (somewhere dated 1886) (Liernur 1892;Scott 1975;Petrešin & Nekrep 2008;Redivac Limited 2014;Gikas 2017) where sewers were laid at uniform depth regardless of gradient and sewage was drawn through cast-iron pipes under half an atmosphere of vacuum (Read 2004). The Pneumatic System was first put in operation in 1871 in two districts in Amsterdam (Scott 1975).…”

Section: History Of Vacuum Sewer Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maintenance issues of the vacuum sewer system

2019

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A sewer system is an indispensable part of every settlement which contributes to the protection of the environment and people. There are many types of sewer systems. In addition to the standard sewer systems (mixed, separated, etc.), there are the alternative, non-standard systems, and one of them is a vacuum sewer system. In order for a sewer system to function correctly and to perform its tasks successfully, it needs to be maintained properly and regularly. Generally speaking, maintenance is considered to be a series of activities performed in order to achieve that constructed buildings allow an adequate use and functionality for the purpose they were designed for. Considering these systems are relatively new and still rarely used, there is no general practice or rules for use and maintenance of the same, and, most importantly, there is no user experience or people responsible for managing the work and maintenance. The paper will present the general characteristics and parts of vacuum sewer systems. Maintenance recommendations will be given, and maintenance costs specified making reference to the literature available to the authors.

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“…There are studies trying to compare the vacuum sewerage system with the most common conventional sewerage systems, namely gravity and pressure ones [4]. Another work tries to analyze vacuum sewers from the economic, technical, social, and environmental point of view and to suggest their best use in the areas with decentralized waste water discharge [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%