Alternative Friction Mechanism for Amorphous Carbon Films Sliding against Alumina

Wang, Jingjing; Wang, Fu; Cheng, Ziwen; Zhang, Guangan; Xue, Qunji

doi:10.1021/acs.iecr.8b06082

Cited by 21 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…As shown in Figure A, the a‐C film reached the highest microhardness and elastic modulus of about 13.6 and 177 GPa, respectively. While a fair amount of hydrogen incorporation (about 31 at.%) in a‐C film significantly decreased the microhardness and the elastic modulus to very low values (5/42 GPa). This result correlated well with the Raman date (Figure B) since the a‐C:H film had relatively lower C─C sp 3 hybrids but higher C─H sp 3 hybrids.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Tribological behaviors of DLC films in sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide solutions

Ren

et al. 2020

Surface & Interface Analysis

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Tribological behaviors of three typical kinds of diamond-like carbon (DLC) films (a-C, a-C:Cr, and a-C:H) in sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide solutions were investigated.The a-C film showed the lowest stable coefficients of friction (COF) in both sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide solutions but the worst wear resistance in sulfuric acid solution. The a-C:H film showed the highest COF in sulfuric acid solution and the best wear resistance in both sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide solutions. The a-C:Cr film exhibited superior comprehensive tribological performance in sulfuric acid solution, while in sodium hydroxide solution, high COF and very poor wear resistance was observed. What is more, friction and wear mechanism was revealed by investigating the friction-induced material evolutions on the sliding surface. K E Y W O R D S corrosion-wear, corrosive solutions, DLC films, tribological behaviors 1 | INTRODUCTION Diamond-like carbon (DLC) is known to be a metastable form of amorphous carbon containing the tetragonally coordinated sp 3 carbon atoms present in pure diamond as well as the trigonal sp 2 coordination as found in graphite. 1-3 Therefore, DLC films have been demonstrated to work well for a wide variety of applications because of their excellent mechanical and tribological properties. 4-10 Besides their high hardness, low wear rate, low friction coefficient, bio and hemocompatibility, the superior chemical inertness and high resistivity of DLC films make them promising materials as protective films in corrosive environments. 11-16 At room temperature, DLC films are chemically inert to practically any solvent and are not attacked by acid, alkalis, or organic solvent. 13 With these interesting properties, DLC films are promising candidates for tribocorrosion applications where superior tribological performance and corrosion resistance are simultaneously required.The sp 2 regions in amorphous networks of DLC films are found to control the electronic properties such as band gap, while the sp 3 regions are found to control mechanical properties such as rigidity, hardness, fracture toughness, and tribological properties such as wear, friction, and corrosion resistance. 1,2 Thus, it is the sp 3 /sp 2 ratio of DLC films that mainly regulate their comprehensive performance including the mechanical and tribological properties as well

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Tribological behaviors of DLC films in sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide solutions

Ren

et al. 2020

Surface & Interface Analysis

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“…The structure and electrochemical properties of carbon films deposited by the electron cyclotron resonance sputtering method have been discussed elsewhere [33]. A graphitic phase of deposited carbon films reduces the friction coefficient in the vacuum medium [34]. Carbon films having lowered hydrogen content were deposited by tuning the ratio of the graphitic phase to the diamond phase [35].…”

Section: Mohs Hardness Of Carbon Materials Estimated Graphicallymentioning

confidence: 99%

Atomic Structure and Binding of Carbon Atoms

Ali¹

2022

Preprint

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Many studies discuss carbon-based materials because of the versatility of carbon elements. Depending on the processing conditions of a carbon precursor, carbon changes state behavior. The electron transfer mechanism occurred to convert carbon from one state to another. In conversion, the dash-shaped energy bits involved transferring electrons to nearby unfilled states. The involved dash-shaped energy has partially conserved behavior. A transferring electron is also under partially conserved forces. Carbon atoms equally evolve and equally develop structures of one dimension, two dimensions, and four dimensions, respectively, when in the graphite, nanotube, and fullerene states. Here, the already associated dash-shaped energy bits bind the carbon atoms. A two-dimensional graphite structure or amorphous carbon structure also forms. The structural formations in diamond, lonsdaleite, and graphene state atoms involve different shaped bits of energy. The bit of energy has a shape like a golf stick. By involving four bits of golf-stick-shaped energy, all four electrons of the outer ring of the depositing diamond state atom undertake an additional clamp of all four energy knots of the outer ring of the deposited diamond state atom. A depositing diamond state atom binds to the deposited diamond state atom from the east-west surface to the south. Growth is from the south to the east-west surface, so the structure of the diamond is a tetra-electron topological structure. The lonsdaleite state atoms bind from the surface east-west to a bit south. However, in glassy carbon, the layers of gaseous, graphite, and lonsdaleite state atoms bind simultaneously. The order of these layers repeats in the growth process of glassy carbon. The carbon-based materials also study Mohs hardness.

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“…One study discussed the structure of carbon films deposited by the sputtering method [33]. The graphitic phase of deposited carbon films reduces the friction coefficient in a vacuum medium [34]. Carbon films have a decreased hydrogen content deposited by tuning the ratio of the graphitic and diamond phases [35].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atomic Structure and Binding of Carbon Atoms

Ali

2024

Preprint

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Carbon exhibits complex behavior due to several allotropes. Processing carbon precursors by different techniques and methods results in various carbon materials. However, the characterizations and analyses of processed carbon materials in any form do not keep up to the mark discussions. There are many uncertainties. First, there is a need to study each carbon allotropic form separately and then the binding of same-state atoms. Depending on the processing conditions of a carbon precursor, the state of the carbon atom changes. The conversion of the carbon atom from one state to another is due to the electron transfer mechanism. The bits of energy with shape-like dashes transfer electrons to nearby unfilled states during the state conversion of a carbon atom. The involved dash-shaped energy bit maintains partially conserved behavior. Atoms in the graphite state also study a one-dimensional structure under the execution of electron dynamics. There is a two-dimensional structure in nanotube atoms and a four-dimensional structure in fullerene atoms. If the diamond atoms bind, the outer ring electrons of the depositing diamond atom undertake an additional clamp of the outer ring energy knot of the deposited diamond atom. Binding in the diamond atoms occurs from the surface (east-west) to the south. Therefore, the growth of the diamond structure occurs from the south to the surface (east-west). Golf-stick-shaped energy bits bind the diamond, lonsdaleite, or graphene state atoms into their structures. In a glassy carbon structure, the layers of gaseous, graphitic, and lonsdaleite atoms bind simultaneously. The layers repeat in order during the growth process of glassy carbon. The hardness of the processed material in each state of carbon provides new insight. This study aimed to understand the fundamental and applied science of carbon atoms and their binding to structures.

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Alternative Friction Mechanism for Amorphous Carbon Films Sliding against Alumina

Cited by 21 publications

References 52 publications

Tribological behaviors of DLC films in sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide solutions

Tribological behaviors of DLC films in sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide solutions

Atomic Structure and Binding of Carbon Atoms

Atomic Structure and Binding of Carbon Atoms

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