Alternative Raw Materials for Pulp and Paper Production in the Concept of a Lignocellulosic Biorefinery

Eugenio, María E.; Ibarra, David; Martín‐Sampedro, Raquel; Espinosa, Eduardo; Bascón, Isabel; Rodríguez, Alejandro

doi:10.5772/intechopen.90041

Cited by 24 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…Moreover, non-wood fibers obtained from agricultural residues can solve the problem of agricultural waste disposal as it is commonly incinerated. Non-wood fibers also vary in length, which can be used to produce several types of paper [66]. Tea waste from the incorrect harvesting of black tea leaves, which is disposed of by landfilling, can also be used for papermaking [67].…”

Section: Wood Pulping and Papermakingmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Conversion of Paper Waste and Rejects into High-Value Materials and Energy

et al. 2023

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The pulp and paper industry (PPI) is a major contributor to the global economy, but it also poses a challenge for waste disposal, as it generates large amounts of several waste streams. Among these, paper rejects are generated during the papermaking process and could account for up to 25% of the produced paper. Moreover, hundreds of millions of tons of paper are produced annually that end up in landfills if not burnt or recycled. Furthermore, the PPI significantly contributes to climate change and global warming in the form of deforestation and water and air pollution. Therefore, the impact of this industry on the sustainability of natural resources and its adverse environmental health effects requires special attention. This review focuses on discussing the sustainable routes to utilize paper waste and rejects from the PPI towards a circular economy. At first, it discusses the industry itself and its environmental impact, followed by the possible sustainable approaches that can be implemented to improve papermaking processes as well as waste management systems, including paper recycling. The literature indicates that paper recycling is crucial because, if appropriately designed, it significantly lowers greenhouse gas emissions, water and resources consumption, and manufacturing costs. However, several concerns have surfaced about the different chemicals that are used to improve recycling efficiency and recycled paper quality. Furthermore, paper recycling is limited to up to seven times. This review, therefore, goes on to highlight several sustainable waste management routes for paper waste utilization other than recycling by emphasizing the concept of converting paper waste and rejects into energy and high-value materials, including biofuels, biohydrogen, biomethane, heat, nanocellulose, hydrochar, construction materials, and soil amendments. Both the benefits and shortcomings of these waste management routes and their applications are discussed. It becomes clear from this review that sustainable management solutions for paper waste and rejects are implementable, but further research and development are still needed.

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Section: Wood Pulping and Papermakingmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Conversion of Paper Waste and Rejects into High-Value Materials and Energy

et al. 2023

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“…The main application of wood not related to the food industry is wood pulp production, which can be further used for producing a wide range of products, primarily paper [ 13 ]. Approximately 35% of the total number of harvested trees on all continents are used in the paper industry [ 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Chemical and Morphological Properties of Spruce Wood Stored in the Natural Environment

Čabalová,

Bélik,

Kučerová

et al. 2023

Polymers

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This paper focuses on the changes in chemical structure and fiber morphological properties of spruce wood during 15 months of its storage in an open forest woodshed. From the chemical composition, the extractives, cellulose, holocellulose, and lignin content were determined. The pH value was measured on the wood surface using a contact electrode. Acetic and formic acid, saccharides (glucose, xylose, galactose, arabinose and mannose), and polymerization degree (PD) of cellulose were analyzed using the HPLC method. Fiber length and width were determined using a fiber tester analyzer. After 15 months of storage the content of both cellulose (determined by the Seifert method) and lignin did not change; the quantity of hemicelluloses decreased by 13.2%, due to its easier degradation and less stability compared to cellulose; and the pH value dropped by one degree. HPLC analyses showed a total decrease in the cellulose DP of 9.2% and in saccharides of 40.2%, while the largest decreases were recorded in the quantity of arabinose, by 72%, in the quantity of galactose, by 61%, and in the quantity of xylose, by 43%. Organic acids were not detected due to their high volatility during wood storage. The total decrease in average fiber length was 38.2% and in width was 4.8%. An increase in the proportion of shorter fibers, and a decrease in the proportion of longer fibers, was recorded. It can be concluded that fundamental changes occurred in the wood, which could affect the quality of further products (e.g., chips, pulp, paper, particleboards).

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“…Wood is considered the primary raw material and the major source of pulp in paper production (Eugenio et al 2019 ). The gross characteristic composition of wood indicates its major constituents are cellulose, lignin, and hemicellulose.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulp and paper mill wastes: utilizations and prospects for high value-added biomaterials

Haile

Gelebo

Tesfaye

et al. 2021

Bioresour. Bioprocess.

109

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A wide variety of biomass is available all around the world. Most of the biomass exists as a by-product from manufacturing industries. Pulp and paper mills contribute to a higher amount of these biomasses mostly discarded in the landfills creating an environmental burden. Biomasses from other sources have been used to produce different kinds and grades of biomaterials such as those used in industrial and medical applications. The present review aims to investigate the availability of biomass from pulp and paper mills and show sustainable routes for the production of high value-added biomaterials. The study reveals that using conventional and integrated biorefinery technology the ample variety and quantity of waste generated from pulp and paper mills can be converted into wealth. As per the findings of the current review, it is shown that high-performance carbon fiber and bioplastic can be manufactured from black liquor of pulping waste; the cellulosic waste from sawdust and sludge can be utilized for the synthesis of CNC and regenerated fibers such as viscose rayon and acetate; the mineral-based pulping wastes and fly ash can be used for manufacturing of different kinds of biocomposites. The different biomaterials obtained from the pulp and paper mill biomass can be used for versatile applications including conventional, high performance, and smart materials. Through customization and optimization of the conversion techniques and product manufacturing schemes, a variety of engineering materials can be obtained from pulp and paper mill wastes realizing the current global waste to wealth developmental approach.

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Alternative Raw Materials for Pulp and Paper Production in the Concept of a Lignocellulosic Biorefinery

Cited by 24 publications

References 90 publications

On the Conversion of Paper Waste and Rejects into High-Value Materials and Energy

On the Conversion of Paper Waste and Rejects into High-Value Materials and Energy

Evaluation of Chemical and Morphological Properties of Spruce Wood Stored in the Natural Environment

Pulp and paper mill wastes: utilizations and prospects for high value-added biomaterials

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