Alternatively polyadenylated vasoactive intestinal peptide mRNAs are differentially regulated at the level of stability.

Chew, Li‐Jin; Murphy, David; Carter, D. A.

doi:10.1210/mend.8.5.7520128

Cited by 9 publications

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“…Explant cultures of different tissues (see Fig. 2) were prepared according to established protocols (9,13). The numbers of tissues used in each culture were 2 pineal glands, 2 superior cervical ganglia, 4 one-eighth fragments of anterior pituitary, and 4 neurointermediate pituitary lobes.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Total cellular RNA was extracted and Northern analysis performed as described (9,15 ). Blots were probed with a 32P-end-labelled oligonucleotide (synthesized by Dr Ben Li.…”

Section: Nortlirrn Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The sequence of the probe is: 5'GGAGGCTCCCAGGTACGTGACC-ATCCGATACAGCT-CGACCAACTTGGTCTTCTC-3'. Blots were stripped and re-probed with an oligonucleotide specific for GAPDH ( 9 ) . In one experiment, Northern blots of dissected neural and intermediate pituitary lobe RNA were re-probed with an oligonucleotide specific for AVP mRNA ( 15), and a gene fragment specific for POMC mRNA ( 15).…”

Section: Nortlirrn Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The interest of our laboratory lies in the possibility that LIF may regulate neuropeptide expression within the adult anterior pituitary gland. Thus, we have been studying the regulation of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) gene expression in the rat pituitary (8,9), and other recent studies have shown that LIF stimulates transcription of the VIP gene (10). As indicated above, LIF expression has not been investigated in the rat pituitary but there has been one report showing that bovine pituitary follicular cells secrete biologically active LIF ( 1 1 ).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Leukaemia Inhibitory Factor Expression in Cultured Rat Anterior Pituitary is Regulated by Glucocorticoids

Carter

1995

J Neuroendocrinology

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Leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is the generally recognized nomenclature for a pleiotropic cytokine that exerts multiple biological effects in different systems. However, its role in the neuroendocrine system is relatively unexplored, with the exception of one report indicating that LIF may act to determine the unique vascular organization of the pituitary gland. In the present study the expression of LIF mRNA has been demonstrated for the first time in the pituitary gland of the rat, in all three pituitary lobes. However, LIF gene expression is restricted to tissues in explant culture where LIF transcripts are readily detectable by Northern Techniques. Similar studies using the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique also failed to detect LIF transcripts in fresh tissue from adult animals. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that LIF acts to mediate the response to trauma, a response that may include the induction of neuropeptide expression in the anterior pituitary. In further studies it has also been shown that anterior pituitary LIF mRNA is super-induced in the presence of protein synthesis inhibitors, a response that indicates a role for a labile protein in the attenuation of LIF expression. Both the explantation response, and the response to protein synthesis inhibitory drugs are decreased in the presence of dexamethasone indicating that a glucocorticoid receptor mechanism acts as a general modulatory influence on LIF mRNA levels. These findings are consistent with the presence of multiple regulatory controls on the expression of LIF that serve to restrict its expression to pathological conditions, and indicate that LIF does not participate in normal endocrine physiology.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Total cellular RNA was extracted and Northern analysis performed as described (9,15 ). Blots were probed with a 32P-end-labelled oligonucleotide (synthesized by Dr Ben Li.…”

Section: Nortlirrn Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Nortlirrn Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Leukaemia Inhibitory Factor Expression in Cultured Rat Anterior Pituitary is Regulated by Glucocorticoids

Carter

1995

J Neuroendocrinology

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“…When linked to alternative splicing of terminal exons, APA originate very complex patterns of 3′UTR variability, as in the case of human DDX3X mRNA whose three terminal untranslated exons originate six 3′UTR splicing variants that harbor five different alternative PAS [ 73 ]. Additionally, 3′UTR-alternative mRNA isoforms may show differential functional features with regards to stability [ 74 ], translational efficiency [ 75 ], microRNA binding potential [ 76 ], and tissue specific expression [ 77 ], subcellular localization at the mRNA [ 78 ] or at the protein level [ 79 ] or interactions with the network of competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) [ 80 ]. Nevertheless, other authors have proposed that alternative 3′UTR sequences would have a reduced regulatory impact compared to other mRNA regions [ 81 ].…”

Section: Regulation Of 3′utr Length By Alternative Polyadenylation or Alternative Splicingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Variations of 3′UTR Length Reprogram the mRNA Regulatory Landscape

2021

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This paper concerns 3′-untranslated regions (3′UTRs) of mRNAs, which are non-coding regulatory platforms that control stability, fate and the correct spatiotemporal translation of mRNAs. Many mRNAs have polymorphic 3′UTR regions. Controlling 3′UTR length and sequence facilitates the regulation of the accessibility of functional effectors (RNA binding proteins, miRNAs or other ncRNAs) to 3′UTR functional boxes and motifs and the establishment of different regulatory landscapes for mRNA function. In this context, shortening of 3′UTRs would loosen miRNA or protein-based mechanisms of mRNA degradation, while 3′UTR lengthening would strengthen accessibility to these effectors. Alterations in the mechanisms regulating 3′UTR length would result in widespread deregulation of gene expression that could eventually lead to diseases likely linked to the loss (or acquisition) of specific miRNA binding sites. Here, we will review the mechanisms that control 3′UTR length dynamics and their alterations in human disorders. We will discuss, from a mechanistic point of view centered on the molecular machineries involved, the generation of 3′UTR variability by the use of alternative polyadenylation and cleavage sites, of mutually exclusive terminal alternative exons (exon skipping) as well as by the process of exonization of Alu cassettes to generate new 3′UTRs with differential functional features.

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Regulation of VIP gene expression in general

1996

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Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is a neuropeptide of multiple functions affecting development and aging. In cancer, for example, VIP was found to function as an autocrine growth factor in nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) promotion. Furthermore, a VIP hybrid antagonist (neurotensin(6-11)-VIP(7-28)) was found to inhibit NSCLC growth. In the present study, the expression of VIP mRNA was studied using human lung cancer cells. RNA prepared from 19 cell lines was fractionated by 1% agarose gel electrophoresis followed by blotting onto nitrocellulose membranes and hybridization to a VIP-specific RNA probe. VIP mRNA was detected in about 50% of the cell lines tested with a greater abundance in NSCLC. Cultures of the NSCLC NCI-H727 cell line were treated with forskolin, an activator of cyclic AMP (cAMP), and separately with the tumor promoter phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). Northern blot hybridization analysis showed an increase in VIP mRNA levels after 4 h treatment with 50 microM forskolin. Incubation with PMA also showed a significant increase in the levels of VIP transcripts. Cultures were then incubated with PMA in the presence of actinomycin D, a transcription blocker. Results indicated that PMA treatment may induce both VIP mRNA synthesis as well as VIP mRNA stabilization, and suggested a 4-5 h half-life for the VIP mRNA in the absence of PMA. Thus, lung cancer tumor proliferation may be regulated, in part, at the level of VIP gene expression.

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Alternatively polyadenylated vasoactive intestinal peptide mRNAs are differentially regulated at the level of stability.

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Leukaemia Inhibitory Factor Expression in Cultured Rat Anterior Pituitary is Regulated by Glucocorticoids

Leukaemia Inhibitory Factor Expression in Cultured Rat Anterior Pituitary is Regulated by Glucocorticoids

Dynamic Variations of 3′UTR Length Reprogram the mRNA Regulatory Landscape

Regulation of VIP gene expression in general

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