Altitude distributions of stratospheric constituents from ground‐based measurements at twilight

McKenzie, Richard; Johnston, P. V.; McElroy, C. T.; Kerr, J. B.; Solomon, Susan

doi:10.1029/91jd01361

Cited by 78 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…This value is compatible with the ratios of 0.6 and 0.7 reported by Koike et al (1999) from summertime measurements made at two Japanese sites with latitudes similar to Vanscoy (43.4°N and 44.4°N). It is also in reasonable agreement with the results of McKenzie et al (1991) measured at 45°S and adjusted for season, for which a ratio of 0.66 is derived using data in their Fig. 13 (based on NO 2 columns of approximately 3.8 × 10 15 molecules cm -2 at sunrise and approximately 5.8 × 10 15 molecules cm -2 at sunset).…”

Section: Day Of Yearsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…In addition to ozone and NO 2 , differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) has been used successfully to measure vertical columns of OClO (Solomon et al, 1987a), BrO (Solomon et al, 1989), and NO 3 at night using direct viewing of the moon (Noxon et al, 1978). Efforts have also been made to obtain vertical profiles of NO 2 from the change in retrieved DOAS slant column with solar zenith angle during twilight (McKenzie et al, 1991;Preston et al, 1997Preston et al, , 1998.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ground‐based measurements of ozone and NO₂during MANTRA 1998 using a Zenith‐sky spectrometer

Bassford¹,

Strong

McLinden³

et al. 2005

Atmosphere-Ocean

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Section: Day Of Yearsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ground‐based measurements of ozone and NO₂during MANTRA 1998 using a Zenith‐sky spectrometer

Bassford¹,

Strong

McLinden³

et al. 2005

Atmosphere-Ocean

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“…Vertical stratospheric NO 2 profiles during sunset/sunrise were derived from zenith sky (e.g., McKenzie et al, 1991;Preston et al, 1997;Hendrick et al, 2004) and balloon DOAS measurements (e.g., Pommereau and Piquard, 1994;Butz et al, 2006;Kritten et al, 2010). Sunset and sunrise stratospheric NO 2 columns have been measured since 1991 at multiple locations throughout the world as part of the international Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC) .…”

Section: Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of NO<sub>2</sub> absorption cross section temperature sensitivity to derive NO<sub>2</sub> profile temperature and stratospheric–tropospheric column partitioning from visible direct-sun DOAS measurements

et al. 2014

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Abstract. This paper presents a temperature sensitivity method (TESEM) to accurately calculate total vertical NO 2 column, atmospheric slant NO 2 profile-weighted temperature (T ), and to separate stratospheric and tropospheric columns from direct-sun (DS), ground-based measurements using the retrieved T . TESEM is based on differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) fitting of the linear temperature-dependent NO 2 absorption cross section, σ (T ), regression model (Vandaele et al., 2003). Separation between stratospheric and tropospheric columns is based on the primarily bimodal vertical distribution of NO 2 and an assumption that stratospheric effective temperature can be represented by temperature at 27 km ± 3 K, and tropospheric effective temperature is equal to surface temperature within 3-5 K. These assumptions were derived from the Global Modeling Initiative (GMI) chemistry-transport model (CTM) simulations over

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“…For more than 3 decades, these measurements have been commonly performed to monitor trace gases related to the ozone depletion in the stratosphere, such as NO 2 (e.g. Solomon et al, 1987;McKenzie et al, 1991, Goutail et al, 1994Hendrick et al, 2004;Denis et al, 2005). More recently, GB Multi-Axis DOAS (MAX-DOAS) has proven to be a suitable and reliable approach to retrieve integrated column amounts of tropospheric trace gases as well as information on their vertical distribution (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tropospheric nitrogen dioxide column retrieval from ground-based zenith–sky DOAS observations

et al. 2015

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Abstract. We present an algorithm for retrieving tropospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) vertical column densities (VCDs) from ground-based zenith-sky (ZS) measurements of scattered sunlight. The method is based on a four-step approach consisting of (1) the differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) analysis of ZS radiance spectra using a fixed reference spectrum corresponding to low NO 2 absorption, (2) the determination of the residual amount in the reference spectrum using a Langley-plot-type method, (3) the removal of the stratospheric content from the daytime total measured slant column based on stratospheric VCDs measured at sunrise and sunset, and simulation of the rapid NO 2 diurnal variation, (4) the retrieval of tropospheric VCDs by dividing the resulting tropospheric slant columns by appropriate air mass factors (AMFs). These steps are fully characterized and recommendations are given for each of them. The retrieval algorithm is applied on a ZS data set acquired with a multi-axis (MAX-) DOAS instrument during the Cabauw (51.97 • N, 4.93 • E, sea level) Intercomparison campaign for Nitrogen Dioxide measuring Instruments (CINDI) held from 10 June to 21 July 2009 in the Netherlands. A median value of 7.9 × 10 15 molec cm −2 is found for the retrieved tropospheric NO 2 VCDs, with maxima up to 6.0 × 10 16 molec cm −2 . The error budget assessment indicates that the overall error σ TVCD on the column values is less than 28 %. In the case of low tropospheric contribution, σ TVCD is estimated to be around 39 % and is dominated by uncertainties in the determination of the residual amount in the reference spectrum. For strong tropospheric pollution events, σ TVCD drops to approximately 22 % with the largest uncertainties on the determination of the stratospheric NO 2 abundance and tropospheric AMFs. The tropospheric VCD amounts derived from ZS observations are compared to VCDs retrieved from off-axis and direct-sun measurements of the same MAX-DOAS instrument as well as to data from a co-located Système d'Analyse par Observations Zénithales (SAOZ) spectrometer. The retrieved tropospheric VCDs are in good agreement with the different data sets with correlation coefficients and slopes close to or larger than 0.9. The potential of the presented ZS retrieval algorithm is further demonstrated by its successful application on a 2-year data set, acquired at the NDACC (Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change) station Observatoire de Haute Provence (OHP; Southern France).

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Altitude distributions of stratospheric constituents from ground‐based measurements at twilight

Cited by 78 publications

References 23 publications

Ground‐based measurements of ozone and NO₂during MANTRA 1998 using a Zenith‐sky spectrometer

Ground‐based measurements of ozone and NO₂during MANTRA 1998 using a Zenith‐sky spectrometer

The use of NO<sub>2</sub> absorption cross section temperature sensitivity to derive NO<sub>2</sub> profile temperature and stratospheric–tropospheric column partitioning from visible direct-sun DOAS measurements

Tropospheric nitrogen dioxide column retrieval from ground-based zenith–sky DOAS observations

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Altitude distributions of stratospheric constituents from ground‐based measurements at twilight

Cited by 78 publications

References 23 publications

Ground‐based measurements of ozone and NO2during MANTRA 1998 using a Zenith‐sky spectrometer

Ground‐based measurements of ozone and NO2during MANTRA 1998 using a Zenith‐sky spectrometer

The use of NO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; absorption cross section temperature sensitivity to derive NO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; profile temperature and stratospheric–tropospheric column partitioning from visible direct-sun DOAS measurements

Tropospheric nitrogen dioxide column retrieval from ground-based zenith–sky DOAS observations

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Product

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Ground‐based measurements of ozone and NO₂during MANTRA 1998 using a Zenith‐sky spectrometer

Ground‐based measurements of ozone and NO₂during MANTRA 1998 using a Zenith‐sky spectrometer

The use of NO<sub>2</sub> absorption cross section temperature sensitivity to derive NO<sub>2</sub> profile temperature and stratospheric–tropospheric column partitioning from visible direct-sun DOAS measurements