Altruism and reciprocity among friends and kin in a Tibetan village

Xue, Ming

doi:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2013.05.002

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The participants in the study had friends in the same village and constantly interacted with their friends, so strict reciprocity did not seem to be important or practical for friends in this village. It is consistent with the finding of the previous study in the same village that tolerance and altruism help individuals to maintain mutually beneficial relationships with their friends over time (Xue, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Both Tibetan men and women in the study reported that they shared their secrets with friends and talked with friends about relationships, marriages, work, and family issues. The previous study in this village also revealed that friends are more likely to feel unhappy about the nonreciprocation of emotional support than material support (Xue, ). These findings do not support the argument that emotional support is more important for friends in North American than for friends in Asian cultures (Gummerum et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…Based on evidence from Western societies, Wellman () suggested that norms that link relatives help them to be active and intimate network members. Xue () reported that in a Tibetan village, there are different norms for interactions with immediate kin, distant kin, and clan members; these norms specify things like how much to help and what kinds of gifts to bring to social events. However, there is no explicit norm for friends in these situations.…”

Section: The Motives For Seeking Support From Friends and Relativesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some researchers reported that friends in North American are more likely to disclose personal matters and secrets to each other than friends in Asian cultures (Gummerum et al, ; Schug et al, ). However, a survey with residents in a Tibetan village suggested that the Tibetan villagers provided considerable amounts of emotional support to friends and were dissatisfied when emotional support was not reciprocated (Xue, ).…”

Section: The Motives For Seeking Support From Friends and Relativesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Social support from friends and family in a Tibetan village

Xue

2014

Personal Relationships

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Friendships are prevalent in human societies. However, it is unclear whether people rely on the same strategy to derive support from friends and relatives. In the present study, I conducted a survey to elicit the egocentric support networks of 40 village residents in a Tibetan village in Qinghai province in China. The study showed that the participants reported equal amounts of support from friends and from relatives, and they preferred a shallow strategy over a deep strategy to derive support from friends; they equally preferred the two strategies to derive support from relatives. My study suggests that even if friends compensate for the variation of kin support in quantity, friendship should not be considered as one‐for‐one substitute for kinship.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Section: The Motives For Seeking Support From Friends and Relativesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Motives For Seeking Support From Friends and Relativesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Social support from friends and family in a Tibetan village

Xue

2014

Personal Relationships

Self Cite

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“…The impact of social networks is thought to be stronger if ties between actors are reciprocal, that is there is mutual endorsement between actors, (Curry, Roberts and Dunbar, 2001;Xue, 2013). From a study of UK civil servants, Chandola, Marmot and Siegrist (2007) showed that if ties are not reciprocal then arising from the imbalance between effort and reward poor health could result.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustaining a Regime of Low Fertility

Raeside

Gayen

2016

RSS

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<p>In several developing countries, notably Bangladesh, fertility rates fell dramatically in the later part of the twentieth century and have sustained at low levels. Traditional socioeconomic models do not fully explain the profile of fertility fall especially for rural areas where well-being has not sufficiently improved. This paper offers a supplementary explanation that mass media facilitated the diffusion of contraceptive knowledge, leading to an ideological shift to value small families, and social networks especially reciprocal encouragement about contraception practice among network members has helped to sustain this shift. To investigate the role of encouragement of immediate network members in their family planning behaviour, data was gathered using an interview-based survey of 694 women of fertile ages in seven rural Bangladeshi villages. Findings give support to the importance of social networks in maintaining achieved low fertility levels. When there is strong reciprocal encouragement of network members about practicing contraception then using contraception is more likely. This may offer an explanation to sustaining a low fertility regime.</p>

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Cooperative Relationships

Hruschka¹,

Silk²

2017

Emerging Trends in the Social and Behavioral Sciences

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Cooperative relationships arise from a history of mutually beneficial interactions between individuals, and they enable cooperation among a range of entities, including biological organisms, business firms, and nation‐states. As one of the simplest of emergent social forms, cooperative relationships can possess higher level properties (e.g., common expectations and rules of interaction, shared communication protocols) that are more than the sum of individual interactions. As such, cooperative relationships can become “things” in their own right, shaping how partners treat each other and how others treat partners within a relationship. Many open questions remain about how the emergent properties of cooperative relationships arise and how they foster future beneficial interactions while mitigating the risk of exploitation. Here, we frame these diverse findings and emerging questions in terms of the inputs and algorithms that partners use in forming models of each other and in guiding behaviors toward each other. We finish by outlining areas ripe for future exploration.

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Altruism and reciprocity among friends and kin in a Tibetan village

Cited by 14 publications

References 29 publications

Social support from friends and family in a Tibetan village

Social support from friends and family in a Tibetan village

Sustaining a Regime of Low Fertility

Cooperative Relationships

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