Aluminium toxicity in plants: a review

Abstract

Aluminium toxicity and problems concerning tolerance and ecological performance are discussed briefly. Differential tolerance of plant genotypes to aluminium stress is a more promising approach to increase our understanding of aluminium tolerance in plants. Induction of Al tolerance and its characterization are also reviewed. The cytogenetic effects of aluminium on plants are discussed in depth. Efforts have been made to compare the relative sensitivity of various plant species including micro-and macro-flora to aluminium, and uptake and transport of aluminium are taken into account with phytotoxicity and their interactions with nutrients. Present knowledge concerning the physiology and biochemistry of aluminium with regard to phytotoxicity is discussed and offers some ways for increasing the Al tolerance. This review shows the complexity of the toxicity mechanisms of trace elements. aluminium / phytotoxicity / tolerance / Al stress Résumé-Toxicité de l'aluminium pour les plantes : mise au point. L'article fait le point sur la toxicité de l'aluminium, la tolérance des plantes à cet élément et leur performances écologiques. La tolérance au stress provoqué par l'aluminium varie d'un génotype de plante à l'autre et cette approche est prometteuse pour améliorer notre compréhension de la tolérance à l'aluminium. L'induction de la tolérance à l'aluminium et sa caractérisation sont également passées en revue. Les effets cytogénétiques de l'aluminium sur les plantes font l'objet d'une discussion approfondie. On compare la sensibilité relative à l'aluminium des diverses espèces de plantes, de la macroflore à la microflore. On traite de l'absorption et du transport de l'aluminium, ainsi que de sa phytotoxicité et de ses interactions avec les nutriments. La connaissance actuelle concernant la physiologie et la biochimie de l'aluminium en relation avec la phytotoxicité est discutée et offre certaines possibilités pour accroître la tolérance à l'aluminium. Cette mise au point montre la complexité des mécanismes liés à la toxicité des éléments traces.

Antioxidative responses of Salvinia (Salvinia natans Linn.) to aluminium stress and it’s modulation by polyamine

“…Al was also reported to bind with phospholipids of the cell membrane that influences the ion channel proteins that inhibits specific ions flux. Ammonium (NH 4 ), of those is a positive modulator for CAT activity and thus it's scarcity under Al contamination particularly in acid soil might set a limitation for optimum activity (Rout et al 2001). It is also noted that the isozymic profiles of CAT had significant alteration in plants of the present experiment when treated with Put under Al stress as compared to control.…”

Effect of aluminum and chromium on the germination and growth of two Vigna species

“…It means that aluminum was most promotive at low concentration but showed adverse effects at high concentration. Rout et al, (2001) found that aluminum did not affect the seed germination but helped in new root development and seedling establishment. Neogy et al, (2000) found that aluminum toxicity was major deterrent for plants growth in acid soils.…”

Germinação de sementes de Conyza canadensis e C. bonariensis em função da presença de alumínio no substrato

“…No entanto, pouca atenção tem sido dada à presença de elementos tóxicos no meio que serve de substrato para as sementes. O alumínio é um elemento que se torna disponível em condições de pH baixo, sendo que, em solo ácido, o elemento solubilizase em Al 3+ , exercendo efeito tóxico sobre a germinação e o desenvolvimento das espécies vegetais (ROUT et al, 2001;CUSTÓDIO et al, 2002 (ROY et al, 1988;SOUZA FILHO & DUTRA, 1998).…”