Alveolar Epithelial Cell Mitochondria as Source of the Surface-Active Lung Lining

Klaus, Marshall H.; Reiss, Oscar K.; Tooley, William H.; Piel, Clément; Clements, John A.

doi:10.1126/science.137.3532.750

Cited by 208 publications

(50 citation statements)

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“…We have not excluded the possibility that adrenergic mechanisms also lead to increased alveolar surfactant (5,6,17,18,30). However, cholinergic transmission at the sympathetic ganglia is primarily via nicontinic receptors and, except in high dosage, atropine does not block these receptors.…”

Section: Atropine O 3 U S I O N Me-rwrmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bilateral vagotomy leads to reduced osmiophilic bodies in alFour reports have shown that exogenous catechols augment veolar type I1 cells suggesting that the vagus plays a role in surfactant secretion in the fetus (6,7,18,30). Asphyxia causes a surfactant secretion (2,15,17). Pilocarpine, a cholinergic agonist, generalized sympathetic discharge as well as the release of adrenal has been shown by several investigators to stimulate surfactant secretion (5,14,21).…”

Section: Atropine O 3 U S I O N Me-rwrmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Augmentation of Pulmonary Surfactant Secretion by Lung Expansion at Birth

et al. 1979

Pediatr Res

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SummaryTo study the effect of lung expansion at birth on surfactant secretion, we delivered by hysterotomy 11 litters of rabbit pups at 30 days of gestation and divided them into three groups that were killed: 1) after 30 min air-breathing, 2) after 30 min nitrogenbreathing, and 3) after 30 min tracheal occlusion. Each group was compared to a littermate group killed at birth. Groups 2) and 3) continued respiratory efforts for 30 min despite progressive asphyxia. Six additional litters were pretreated with atropine; at delivery one-half of each litter was killed, the remaining pups were subjected to 30 min of hypoxic gas breathing. After sacrifice, alveolar surfactant was recovered by saline lavage and estimated quantitatively on a surface-tension balance. Surfactant concentration at birth was 1.40 + 0.22 mg/g dry lung and increased to 1.86 f 0.19 (k SEM) after 30 min air-breathing (P < 0.01). Also, surfactant was increased in the nitrogen-breathing pups (from 1.61 , f 0.35 in littermate controls to 2.41 f 0.58, P < 0.03), but not to a significant degree in the occluded group (1.34 + 0.33 vs. 1.41 k 0.28), or the atropine pretreated breathing pups (1.77 + 0.29 vs. 1.89 + 0.25). SpeculationThe data indicate that lung expansion at birth enhances surfactant release from intracellular sites and suggest that the vagus nerve mediates this effect. It is possible that the effect of maternal atropine may have clinical significance in preterm infants.Studies with newborn rabbits have shown that the percent of acetone precipitable lecithin in pulmonary lavage (12), pulmonary stability (29), and pulmonary lavage phospholipid content (25) increase after birth. These findings indicate that immediately after birth the secretion of surfactant into the alveoli is increased over and above the fetal secretion rate. With the onset of breathing, augmented surfactant secretion may be due to mechanical, neuronal, or humoral factors. Both lower surface tension and increased saturated lecithin in alveolar wash result from constant air-expansion of excised adult dog lungs (8), a mechanical stimulus. In rabbits, fetal injection of pilocarpine or P-adrenergic stimulants (e.g., isoxsuprine) also result in increased alveolar surfactant (5,6,7,18,30). These pharmacologic effects suggest autonomic control of surfactant secretion.To determine the physiologic stimulus for increased alveolar surfactant after birth, we measured quantitatively the surfacebreathing and the occluded pups differentiate the effects of asphyxia with and without gas ventilation of the lungs. The findings in the atropine pretreated groups establish that neural factors mediate surfactant secretion at birth. MATERIALS AND METHODS ANIMAL PROCEDURESTwenty litters of New Zealand white rabbits were used. The gestation of each litter was known to be 30 days within 3 hr (term = 31 days). In 11 litters, the does were sacrificed immediately before laparotomy with an iv infusion of 300 mg pentobarbital. Within 2 min, all the pups of a litter were gently delivered within their amnioti...

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Section: Atropine O 3 U S I O N Me-rwrmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Atropine O 3 U S I O N Me-rwrmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Augmentation of Pulmonary Surfactant Secretion by Lung Expansion at Birth

et al. 1979

Pediatr Res

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“…Investigations then centered on identifying the cells that synthesize and secrete pulmonary surfactant (42)(43)(44), and on characterizing its complex composition (45-47). Animal trials followed (48-50) with Fujiwara successfully treating premature infants with RDS using surfactant prepared from cow lungs (51).…”

Section: Saving Premature Babiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seven great achievements in pediatric research in the past 40 y

Cheng¹,

Monteiro

DiMeglio

et al. 2016

Pediatr Res

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“…This concept has received support from Balis and Conen (1964) mitochondrion (Klaus et al 1962) constitutes the parent material, and suggests a broader interchangeability between membranous elements of the cellular components.…”

Section: Pulmonary Surfactant and Its Relationship 467mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chemical studies of lung extracts (Klaus et al 1961, Klaus et al 1963, Pattle and Thomas 1961 have indicated that this material is a complex mixture, the great surface activity of which might be attributable to phospholipid com ponents, and which might not be unusual for cellular interfaces (Harvey 1931, Cole 1932, Harvey and Shapiro 1934 Results and discussion A material, deeply stained by osmium tetroxide, was observed in alveolar epithelial cells. It appeared, at times, to be a dominant feature of the cell contents and due, perhaps, to an increased rate of formation over alteration or escape from the cell (Fig.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%