Alvin-SeaBeam studies of the Sumisu Rift, Izu-Bonin arc

Taylor, Brian; Brown, Glenn R.; Fryer, Patricia; Gill, James B.; Hochstaedter, Alfred G.; Hara, Hiroshi; Langmuir, C. H.; Leinen, Margaret; Nishimura, Akira; Urabe, Tetsuro

doi:10.1016/0012-821x(90)90181-v

Cited by 57 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…(e.g. Taylor et al 1990; Klaus et al 1992). Iwabuchi (1999) carried out the first manned submersible investigations in the Sumisu area, and the present study builds on his pioneering work.…”

Section: Previous Sumisu Related Studiesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Sumisu volcano, Izu-Bonin arc, Japan: site of a silicic caldera-forming eruption from a small open-ocean island

et al. 2007

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Sumisu volcano was the site of an eruption during 30-60 ka that introduced ∼48-50 km 3 of rhyolite tephra into the open-ocean environment at the front of the Izu-Bonin arc. The resulting caldera is 8 × 10 km in diameter, has steep inner walls 550-780 m high, and a floor averaging 900 m below sea level. In the course of five research cruises to the Sumisu area, a manned submersible, two ROVs, a Deep-Tow camera sled, and dredge samples were used to study the caldera and surrounding areas. These studies were augmented by newly acquired single-channel seismic profiles and multi-beam seafloor swath-mapping. Caldera-wall traverses show that pre-caldera eruptions built a complex of overlapping dacitic and basaltic edifices, that eventually grew above sea level to form an island about 200 m high. The caldera-forming eruption began on the island and probably produced a large eruption column. We interpret that prodigious rates of tephra fallback overwhelmed the Sumisu area, forming huge rafts of floating pumice, choking the nearby water column with hyperconcentrations of slowly settling tephra, and generating pyroclastic gravity currents of water-saturated pumice that traveled downslope along the sea floor. Thick, compositionally similar pumice deposits encountered in ODP Leg 126 cores 70 km to the south could have been deposited by these gravity currents. The caldera-rim, presently at ocean depths of 100-400 m, is mantled by an extensive layer of coarse dense lithic clasts, but syn-caldera pumice deposits are only thin and locally preserved. The paucity of syncaldera pumice could be due to the combined effects of proximal non-deposition and later erosion by strong ocean currents. Post-caldera edifice instability resulted in the collapse of a 15°sector of the eastern caldera rim and the formation of bathymetrically conspicuous wavy slump structures that disturb much of the volcano's surface.

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Section: Previous Sumisu Related Studiesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Sumisu volcano, Izu-Bonin arc, Japan: site of a silicic caldera-forming eruption from a small open-ocean island

et al. 2007

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“…In many cases, the silicic rocks in such bimodal associations are very closely related to calderas, typically 3-6 km in diameter, such as in the Kermadec (Lloyd et al 1996;Worthington et al 1999;Smith et al 2003), Izu-Bonin (Taylor et al 1990) and Vanuatu (Robin et al 1993;Monzier et al 1994) arcs. The presence of the calderas indicates that relatively large volumes (compared to the size of typical lava flows of associated mafic volcanic series) of silicic magma were present at one time within the upper crust in order to generate the calderas by magma eruption or withdrawal.…”

Section: Origin Of the Silicic Magmasmentioning

confidence: 98%

Magmatism in the South Sandwich arc

Leat

Smellie

Millar

et al. 2003

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The South Sandwich Islands are one of the world's classic examples of an intraoceanic arc. Formed on recently generated back-arc crust, they represent the earliest stages of formation of arc crust, and are an excellent laboratory for investigating variations in magma chemistry resulting from mantle processes, and generation of silicic magmas in a dominantly basaltic environment. Two volcanoes are examined. Southern Thule in the south of the arc is a complex volcanic edifice with three calderas and compositions that range from mafic to silicic and tholeiitic to calc-alkaline. It is compared to the Candlemas-Vindication edifice in the north of the arc, which is low-K tholeiitic and strongly bimodal from mafic to silicic. Critically, Southern Thule lies along a cross-arc, wide-angle seismic section that reveals the velocity structure of the underlying arc crust. Trace element variations are used to argue that the variations in both mantle depletion and input of a subducted sediment component produced the diverse low-K tholeiite, tholeiite and calc-alkaline series. Primitive, mantle-derived melts fractionally crystallized by c. 36% to produce the most Mg-rich erupted basalts and a high-velocity cumulitic crustal keel. Plagioclase cumulation produced abundant high-A1 basalts (especially in the tholeiitic series), and strongly influenced Sr abundances in the magmas. However, examination of volumetric and geochemical arguments indicates that the silicic rocks do not result from fractional crystallization, and are melts of amphibolitic arc crust instead.

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“…Following initial reconnaissance (Mogi, 1968;Hotta, 1970;Karig and Moore, 1975) and a systematic geophysical survey in 1979/80 (Honza and Tamaki, 1985) of the Izu-Bonin Arc, focused investigations of the active rift system by the Geological Survey of Japan and the Hawaii Institute of Geophysics began in 1984, with particularly intense studies of Sumisu Rift. These investigations include densely spaced, single-channel seismic profiling (Murakami, 1988;Klaus, 1991), SeaMARC II and SeaBeam swath-mapping (Brown and Taylor, 1988;Taylor et al, 1988aTaylor et al, , 1988bTaylor et al, , 1990a; sediment coring and heat flow measurements (Nishimura and Murakami, 1988;Yamazaki, 1988;Nakao et al, 1990); dredging and submersible rock sampling (Ikeda and Yuasa, 1989;Hochstaedter et al, 1990aHochstaedter et al, , 1990bUrabe and Kusakabe, 1990); bottom photography and submersible observations Smith et al, 1990); and multichannel seismic profiling (Taylor et al, 1990b;Klaus, 1991;Klaus et al, this volume). In combination with drilling at Sites 788-791 , Sumisu Rift has become the most intensely and comprehensively studied intraoceanic arc rift segment.…”

Section: Quaternary Riftingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rifting and the Volcanic-Tectonic Evolution of the Izu-Bonin-Mariana Arc

Taylor¹

1992

Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program

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229

295

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This paper focuses on the processes of arc rifting in the context of the volcanic, structural, and sedimentologic evolution of the Izu-Bonin-Mariana arc-trench system. Middle and late Eocene supra-subduction zone magmatism formed a vast terrane of boninites and island arc tholeiites (>300 × 3000 km) that is unlike active arc systems but is similar to many ophiolites. A modern-style volcanic arc developed by the Oligocene, along which intense tholeiitic and calc-alkaline volcanism continued until 29 (Mariana) and 27 Ma (Izu-Bonin). The Eocene-Oligocene arc massif was stretched during protracted Oligocene rifting, creating sags and half graben in the forearc and backarc. Minima in arc volcanism Many arc segments go through a cycle of (1) frequent volcanism before and during rifting; (2) reduced and/or less disseminated volcanism during latest rifting and early backarc spreading, as new frontal arc volcanoes are being constructed and growing to sea level; and (3) increasingly vigorous volcanism during middle and late stage backarc spreading, and until the next rift cycle begins. Even within periods of intense volcanism, 100-km-long arc segments may be quiescent for periods of up to 400 k.y. The frontal arc volcanoes, because of their thicker crust and higher heat flow, create a linear zone of lithospheric weakness that controls the location of arc rifting. Differences in plate boundary forces at the ends, more than in the middle, of volcanic arcs may significantly influence their proclivity to rift.

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Alvin-SeaBeam studies of the Sumisu Rift, Izu-Bonin arc

Cited by 57 publications

References 10 publications

Sumisu volcano, Izu-Bonin arc, Japan: site of a silicic caldera-forming eruption from a small open-ocean island

Sumisu volcano, Izu-Bonin arc, Japan: site of a silicic caldera-forming eruption from a small open-ocean island

Magmatism in the South Sandwich arc

Rifting and the Volcanic-Tectonic Evolution of the Izu-Bonin-Mariana Arc

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