Alzheimer Disease: Basic and Clinical Advances

Katzman, Robert; Jackson, J. Edward

doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1991.tb02500.x

Cited by 81 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 63 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Where the behaviour itself cannot be altered, carers may bene®t from training in coping and stress management techniques. While drugs undoubtedly play an important, and at times critical, role in the management of behaviour disturbance in dementia, they are often less eective than behavioural or environmental manipulations in reducing behaviour problems (Katzman and Jackson, 1991). With regard to non-pharmacological approaches, the weight of evidence from studies using quantitative outcome measures indicates that carefully designed training programmes can achieve long-term bene®ts in terms of improved coping ability and reduced psychological morbidity (Miller and Morris, 1993).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…However, the present ®ndings imply that attempting to alleviate carer stress in cases where this is primarily due to patient behaviour disturbance by increasing informal support may be less eective than using direct interventions to alter the behaviour itself, or the carer's reaction to it. Behaviour can be altered directly, by pharmacological means (Katzman and Jackson, 1991;Ashford and Zec, 1993) or through various non-pharmacological approaches (Takman, 1992;Miller and Morris, 1993;Swanwick, 1995). Where the behaviour itself cannot be altered, carers may bene®t from training in coping and stress management techniques.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Behaviour Disturbance and Other Predictors of Carer Burden in Alzheimer's Disease

Coen

Swanwick

O'Boyle

et al. 1997

Int. J. Geriat. Psychiatry

276

120

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Behaviour Disturbance and Other Predictors of Carer Burden in Alzheimer's Disease

Coen

Swanwick

O'Boyle

et al. 1997

Int. J. Geriat. Psychiatry

276

120

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Similarly, Liston and colleagues (1987) have suggested that the neuroanatomic and neurochemical changes associated with AD may provoke depression. Both depression and AD are associated with neuronal loss in the medial temporal lobe, locus coeruleus, raphe nuclei, hippocampus and limbic regions (ChanPallay and Asan, 1989;Cummings, 1989;Katzman and Jackson, 1991;Zubenko and Moossy, 1988;Zweig et al, 1988); both are marked by disruptions in noradrenergic and serotonergic neurotransmitter systems (Liston et al, 1987;Zubenko et al, 1990) and increased monoamine oxidase activity (Alexopoulos et al, 1984); and both may include ventricular enlargement and cortical atrophy (Alexopoulos and Abrams, 1991;Dolan et al, 1985;Jacoby and Levy, 1980a,b). Thus, the neuroanatomical and neurochemical changes characteristic of AD may in turn yield a major depressive episode.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Personal history of depression and its appearance in Alzheimer's disease

Carpenter

Strauss

Kennedy

1995

Int J Geriat Psychiatry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SUMMARYThis review of medical charts explored the prevalence of personal history of depression in two groups of geriatric inpatients with current major depression. One group had concurrent Alzheimer's disease (AD) along with major depression, while the other had major depression without dementia. Patients with major depression and no dementia were nearly three times as likely to have had a depressive syndrome in the past compared to patients with major depression and AD. Most depressed AD patients were experiencing their first episode of depression. This suggests that AD may be a risk factor for the first lifetime occurrence of depression. While the pattern of specific depressive symptoms was similar between groups, patients without AD more often reported symptoms with a substantial cognitive element (eg thoughts of death, worthlessness) and patients with AD demonstrated more non-verbal manifestations of depression (eg tearfulness, sad face). A diathesis-stress model that takes into account the neuropathological and psychological concomitants of both depression and AD may be a useful framework for understanding how these two disorders influence one another.KEY WORDS-Alzheimer's disease; depression; recurrence; epidemiology Syndromal depression is common in Alzheimer's disease (AD), appearing in approximately 30% of patients at some point during the course of their dementia (Teri and Reifler, 1987;Teri and Wagner, 1992;Wragg and Jeste, 1989). Individual studies have found high rates of coexistent AD and major depression in geriatric clinic outpatients (29%; Teri and Wagner, 1991), dementia clinic patients (19%;Reding et al., 1985) and geriatric neurology inpatients (13%; Fischer et al., 1990). Lazarus and colleagues (1 987) examined AD research participants with the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and found that 10% of their patients had severe depression and 30% had depressions of mild to moderate severity. Moreover, the prevalence rate of depression in AD seems to be higher than rates of depression in age-matched non-demented elderly individuals (Lazarus et al., 1987;Rovner and Morris, 1989;Sano et al., 1989), suggesting an as-

show abstract

“…These structures are found in a variety of neurodegenerative disorders but not in normal brains (Blass, 1993;Katzman & Jackson, 1991). Several specific proteins associated with these filaments have been identified-in particular abnormal tau proteins that prevent proper microtubule assembly.…”

Section: Brain Changes In Dementiamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Biological Basis of Behavioral Symptoms in Dementia

Garand

Buckwalter

Hall

2000

Issues in Mental Health Nursing

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This article describes the pathophysiology of dementia and differentiates between cognitive and noncognitive symptoms that characterize this devastating illness. Relationships between brain anatomic and neurochemical systems and behavioral symptoms of dementia are discussed. An overview of the etiologies and neuropathologiesof dementia are presented as they relate to impairments in memory and intellectual abilities, personality changes, and behavioral symptoms. Recent genetic and molecular discoveries that have advanced our understanding of this complex spectrum of disorders and their treatment(s) are also highlighted.More than 70 diseases/disorders are associated with the progressive loss of memory and intellectual function known as dementia, although Alzheimer's disease (AD) is by far the most common cause. Current estimates suggest that more than four million Americans suffer from AD (Advisory Panel on Alzheimer's Disease, 1995). Although the diagnosis of dementia focuses on the clinical presentation of cognitive deficits, complex disturbances of behavior and emotion have been recognized as part of the disorder since Alois Alzheimer's original case report in 1907 describing the cerebral cortex and abnormal behaviors of a 55-yearold woman (Alzheimer, 1987). In contrast to the cognitive symptoms, which usually follow a welldescribed course of progressive decline, the occurrence and course of the noncognitive symptoms in dementia are less predictable (Tariot, 1994), developing at any stage during the disease process (Eisdorfer et al., 1992).There is a discrepancy between the labeling of symptoms by health care professionals and complaints by family members about their loved one's behavior. For example, dementia is generally defined by clinicians as progressive deterioration of cognitive abilities, however families of dementia patients often define the stages of illness with behavioral (noncognitive) markers. In fact, behavioral complications are a leading cause of institutionalization in persons with dementia (Knopman, Kitto, Deinard, & Heiring, 1988;Steele, Rovner, Chase, & Folstein, 1990).Disease progression is not measured simply by declining scores on the Mini-Mental State Exam or other clinical rating scales, but rather includes such symptoms as the amount of sleeplessness at night, the person's degree of agitation or psychosis, and the level of depressed mood. A key unanswered scientific question is how central these noncognitive behavioral symptoms are to

show abstract

Alzheimer Disease: Basic and Clinical Advances

Cited by 81 publications

References 63 publications

Behaviour Disturbance and Other Predictors of Carer Burden in Alzheimer's Disease

Behaviour Disturbance and Other Predictors of Carer Burden in Alzheimer's Disease

Personal history of depression and its appearance in Alzheimer's disease

The Biological Basis of Behavioral Symptoms in Dementia

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About