Alzheimer disease, inflammation, and novel inflammatory marker: resistin

Abstract

Background/aim: Inflammation may play an important role in Alzheimer disease (AD) pathogenesis. A growing amount of evidence indicates that resistin has hallmark regulatory functions such as inflammatory states. The aim of this study was to determine whether plasma resistin levels would be useful in the diagnosis of patients with AD and to investigate the relationships between resistin and other inflammatory markers such as hs-CRP and TNF-α. Materials and methods:In this cross-sectional study, 38 AD patients and 32 control subjects with normal cognitive function aged 65 years and over were included. The diagnosis of AD was made according to DSM-IV and NINCDS-ADRDA criteria. Serum levels of resistin were measured with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method using the human resistin E50 kit. Results:The median resistin level of AD patients was significantly higher than in the control group (86.3 vs. 70.8 pg/mL, P = 0.002). Overall accuracy of resistin in determining AD was 70.66%, with sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of 75.0%, 65.5%, 73.0%, and 67.9%, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between AD patients and control subjects with respect to hs-CRP and TNF-α levels. Conclusion:Resistin levels may be considered as a predictor of AD and it may predict activation of the immune system in AD pathophysiology.

Clinical and Preclinical Cognitive Function Improvement after Oral Treatment of a Botanical Composition Composed of Extracts fromScutellaria baicalensisandAcacia catechu

“…In spite of advances in therapeutic discoveries, there is no cure for AD. Significant bodies of evidence have been documented detailing the pathogenesis of AD in relation to inflammation [3], oxidative stress [4], and beta-amyloid plaque formations [5]. In this report, we have assessed the effect UP326, a composition containing a proprietary blend of two standardized extracts from Scutellaria baicalensis and Acacia catechu for short term memory in aged rats and for speed and accuracy of processing complex information in humans.…”

“…The pathophysiology of AD is due to a combination of factors including systemic inflammation [3], oxidative stress [4], and beta-amyloid plaque formation [5]. Aging and oxidative stress are associated with declines in hippocampal processing of information [6–8] as demonstrated by the deficits seen in spatial learning, memory formation, and the decline in long term potentiation that is necessary for memory consolidation.…”

Metabolic Syndrome and Selective Inflammatory Markers in Psoriatic Patients

“…Macrophages are the main source of resistin and obesity causes a significant macrophage infiltration of visceral white adipose tissue [30, 42]. Resistin has also been reported to be expressed in chronic disease states, such as rheumatoid arthritis, atherosclerosis, obesity, diabetes, and inflammatory bowel disease [40, 48]. Several studies reported higher levels of serum resistin in psoriatic patients compared to controls [26, 36, 49].…”

C‐reactive protein and ageing

“…These results suggest a direct functional effect elicited by CRP and may be explanatory for, at least in part, the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease . However, data to support this are scarce, and a direct inference based on comparative CRP levels should not be made with respect to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease …”