Alzheimer??s Disease Is It Worth Treating?

Le, Hollister

doi:10.2165/00003495-198529060-00001

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…cardiotoxicity or confusion (Hollister 1985(Hollister , 1987 and it would be difficult to justify their use in patients with only mild dementias. antidepressant or antianxiety drugs; however.…”

Section: Place Of Co-dergocrine Mesylate In Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-Dergocrine Mesylate

Wadworth¹,

Chrisp²

1992

Drugs & Aging

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Co-dergocrine mesylate is a combination of the mesylated forms of dihydroergocornine, dihydroergocristine, dihydro-alpha-ergocryptine and dihydro-beta-ergocryptine. In animal models and healthy elderly volunteers the compound improves indices of cognitive function such as memory and learning. The mechanism(s) behind such action remains under investigation. Nonetheless, it has been proposed that co-dergocrine mesylate has a dual effect on central monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems, compensating for both hyperactivity and deficits of the adrenergic, serotoninergic and dopaminergic systems. The compound also appears to have a normalising effect on the power of electroencephalogram frequencies, and may improve cerebral metabolism. Results from controlled studies of elderly patients with age-related cognitive decline have established that co-dergocrine mesylate is well tolerated and, in some studies, had statistically significant positive effects on symptoms of cognitive dysfunction. However, there is considerable controversy over the clinical relevance of these results as there was wide variability in the number and type of cognitive and neuropsychological assessments used in individual studies and there may have been considerable overlap in diagnosis of patients with varying degrees of dementia. In addition, the drug has not been compared with most other, more recently developed, centrally active agents. Thus, the specific place of co-dergocrine mesylate in the treatment of age-related cognitive decline remains undetermined, despite many years of clinical use.

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Section: Place Of Co-dergocrine Mesylate In Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-Dergocrine Mesylate

Wadworth¹,

Chrisp²

1992

Drugs & Aging

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“…The ability of nootropics to reduce sleeping time was already observed in humans. Hollister [1985] reported that piracetam increases waking hours in elderly. This waking effect would be beneficial for patients in which senile dementia is associated with persistent sleepiness.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The novel nootropic compound DM232 (UNIFIRAM) ameliorates memory impairment in mice and rats

Ghelardini

Galeotti

Gualtieri

et al. 2002

Drug Development Research

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The favorable pharmacological profile exhibited by piracetam stimulated the synthesis of related compounds potentially endowed with a higher nootropic potency. The antiamnesic and procognitive activity of DM232 (unifiram), a new compound structurally related to piracetam, was investigated. Mouse passive avoidance and rat Morris water maze and Social learning tests were employed. DM232 (0.001-1 mg kg À1 i.p. -0.01-0.1 1 mg kg À1 p.o.) prevented amnesia induced by scopolamine (1.5 mg kg À1 i.p.), mecamylamine (20 mg kg À1 i.p.), baclofen (2 mg kg À1 i.p.), and clonidine (0.125 mg kg À1 i.p.). Furthermore, The antiamnesic effect of the investigated compound was comparable to that exerted by well-known nootropic drugs such as piracetam (30-100 mg kg À1 i.p.), aniracetam (100 mg kg À1 p.o.), rolipram (30 mg kg À1 p.o.), and nicotine (5 mg kg À1 i.p). DM232 (0.1 mg kg À1 i.p.) was also able to prevent amnesia induced by scopolamine (0.8 mg kg À1 i.p.) in the rat Morris watermaze test. In the rat social learning test, DM232 (0.1 mg kg À1 i.p.) injected in adults rats reduced the duration of active exploration of the familiar partner in the second session of the test. DM232, similarly to piracetam, reduced the duration of hypnosis induced by pentobarbital. At the highest effective doses, the investigated compound did not impair motor coordination (rota rod test), nor modified spontaneous (Animex). These results indicate DM232 (unifiram) as a novel cognition enhancer, strictly related to piracetam-like compounds, able to ameliorate memory impairment at doses about 1,000 times lower than the most active available nootropic compounds. Drug Dev.

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“…Hollister (1985) has reported that piracetam increases waking hours in elderly. This waking effect would be beneficial for patients in whom senile dementia is associated with persistent sleepiness.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DM235 (sunifiram): a novel nootropic with potential as a cognitive enhancer

Ghelardini

Galeotti

Gualtieri

et al. 2002

Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology

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DM235 (sunifiram), a new compound structurally related to piracetam, prevented the amnesia induced by scopolamine (1.5 mg kg -1 i.p.), after intraperitoneal (0.001-0.1 mg kg -1 ) or oral (0.01-0.1 mg kg -1 ) administration, as shown by a passive avoidance test in mice. The antiamnesic effect of DM235 was comparable to that of well-known nootropic drugs such as piracetam (30-100 mg kg -1 i.p.), aniracetam (100 mg kg -1 p.o.) or rolipram (30 mg kg -1 p.o.). DM235 also prevented mecamylamine (20 mg kg -1 i.p.)-, baclofen (2 mg kg -1 i.p.)-and clonidine (0.125 mg kg -1 i.p.)-induced amnesia in the same test. In the Morris water maze test with rats, scopolamine (0.8 mg kg -1 i.p.) inhibited the reduction of escape latency in both acquisition and retention/retraining tests. DM235 (0.1 mg kg -1 i.p.), 20 min before each daily acquisition training, prevented the scopolamine-induced memory impairment. DM235 (1 mg kg -1 i.p.) also reduced the duration of pentobarbitone-induced hypnosis in mice without modifying the induction time of hypnosis. At the highest effective doses, the investigated compound neither impaired motor coordination (rota-rod test), nor modified spontaneous motility and inspection activity (Animex and hole board tests).These results indicate that DM235, a compound structurally related to piracetam, is a novel nootropic endowed with the capability to prevent cognitive deficits at very low doses. Indeed, its potency is about 1,000 times higher than that of the most active piracetam-like compounds.

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Alzheimer??s Disease Is It Worth Treating?

Cited by 12 publications

References 16 publications

Co-Dergocrine Mesylate

Co-Dergocrine Mesylate

The novel nootropic compound DM232 (UNIFIRAM) ameliorates memory impairment in mice and rats

DM235 (sunifiram): a novel nootropic with potential as a cognitive enhancer

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