Amalgam Decomposition

Rajasekaran, S.; Roušar, I.; Cezner, V.

doi:10.1149/1.2401812

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…H -----0.087251 --ST Hence, the tower height for the given parameters (cNa,i ~ 0.2; cNa,2 ~ 0.01) is equal to 82.2 cm in good accord with the experiment (15). It follows that the parameters used in the calculation will be close to those obtained from experimental data.…”

Section: F]] Dcnasupporting

confidence: 70%

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Amalgam Decomposition

Roušar¹,

Rajasekaran²,

Cezner³

1974

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Section: F]] Dcnasupporting

confidence: 70%

“…Equation [48] was verified by measurement of the dependence of the decomposition rate on amalgam concentration at constant rate of flow of the amalgam through the tower as well as by measurement of the decomposition rate on the rate of flow at constant amalgam concentration (15).…”

Section: Drop Model For Amalgam Decompositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amalgam Decomposition

Roušar¹,

Rajasekaran²,

Cezner³

1974

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…The erosion of graphite packing leads to decrease in the efficiency of decomposer owing to severe alteration in the local rates of amalgam decomposition reaction over significant period of time. For caustic concentration of about 37.4% (w/w) and fixed bed temperature of 80°C, Rajasekaran et al observed that on average, the decomposition rates after one and half year operation are 15% to 20% lower than those after 1 month operation 7 . Graphite erosion generates internal hotspots in fixed bed and bypassing of concentrated amalgam.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For caustic concentration of about 37.4% (w/w) and fixed bed temperature of 80 C, Rajasekaran et al observed that on average, the decomposition rates after one and half year operation are 15% to 20% lower than those after 1 month operation. 7 Graphite erosion generates internal hotspots in fixed bed and bypassing of concentrated amalgam. Eroded graphite forms slurry in electrolyte solution and this slurry formation leads to abrupt changes in local heat and mass transfer coefficients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decomposition kinetics of sodium amalgam in fixed bed of WC‐coated tubular SS‐304 packing: Modelling and validation

Manivannan

Mandal

Dabhade

et al. 2023

Asia-Pacific J Chem Eng

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Erosion of graphite packing in continuously operating fixed bed sodium amalgam decomposers leads to performance degradation accompanied by clogging in the downstream process lines which not only increases the maintenance and catalyst refilling costs but also aggravates the risk of mercury vapour exposure. To overcome this drawback, the present work utilizes tubular SS-304 packing coated with tungsten carbide (WC) on the outer surface. The coating is obtained using an indigenously developed laser-directed energy deposition facility. Dedicated experimental setup is developed for each set of process parameters to comparatively study the fixed bed decomposition kinetics at steady state for three types of WC-coated SS-304 packing and a conventional spherical graphite packing. In parallel, a numerical 3D-1D model is implemented using open source computational solvers and is experimentally validated. The algorithm of this model is based on proposed drop-fill approach for WC-coated SS-304 packing and modified drop approach for spherical graphite packing, respectively. In terms of decomposition rates, the performance of WC-coated SS-304 packing surpasses that of spherical graphite packing at high amalgam flowrates; meanwhile, the average alteration in experimental steadystate temperature profile after continuous operation of 2 years is around 2% for WC-coated SS-304 packing as compared to nearly 17% for spherical graphite packing.

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“…In preceding communications (1,2), the problem of calculating the decomposition rate of sodium amalgam in a tower reactor filled with graphite balls was treated. It followed that the reaction rate is directly proportional to the specific surface area of the bed (in cm2/cm 8 of bed).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%