Ambient air pollution exposure, residential mobility and term birth weight in Oslo, Norway

Sex-specific differences in fetal growth in newborns exposed prenatally to traffic-related air pollution in the PELAGIE mother–child cohort (Brittany, France)

“…Although some of these significant associations might be pure chance findings, this is not likely to explain the consistent and significant associations observed across the four different metrics used to assess fetal growth. Our results are in line with some recent studies also reporting a decreased risk of low birth weight at term or higher birth weights associated with prenatal exposure to NO 2 (Laurent et al, 2013;Kashima et al, 2011;Hannam et al, 2014) or other air pollutants (Vinikoor-Imler et al, 2014;Laurent et al, 2013;Sellier et al, 2014;Madsen et al, 2010). In a recent meta-analysis on this topic, Stieb et al observed a high degree of heterogeneity among studies as measured by the I² value (Stieb et al, 2012).…”

Exposure misclassification due to residential mobility during pregnancy

“…Ritz et al (2007) found the association between CO exposure and preterm birth strengthened (although confidence intervals widened) when their analyses were restricted to women who had not changed residence throughout pregnancy, suggesting that non-movers suffer less from exposure misclassification/error, and that in this instance, the misclassification/error was likely to be non-differential. Madsen et al (2010) studied Table 3 Exposure at conception for women who did not, versus those who did, move during pregnancy.…”

Ambient Air Pollution and Reproductive Health

“…Liu et al (2007) also reported that every 20ppb increase in NO 2 exposure during the first, second, and third trimesters is associated with increased risks of IUGR by 16%, 14%, and 16%, respectively (Liu et al 2007). However, several recent studies did not find a significant association between NO 2 exposure and fetal size Madsen et al 2010). …”

“…These models have been regarded as a more realistic representation of the problem by making use of data on emissions, meteorological conditions, and topography in conjunction with information from empirical monitoring systems in predicting spatial exposure estimates of air pollution concentration. Some studies have applied this method for maternal air pollution exposure assessments (Ihrig et al 1998;Madsen et al 2010;Wu et al 2009). However, the features of dispersion models such as assumption of Gaussian dispersion, relatively costly data input, and complicated models, validation, impede their wide applications in estimating air pollution exposure.…”