Ambient particulate matter (PM1, PM2.5, PM10) and childhood pneumonia: The smaller particle, the greater short-term impact?

Wang, Xu; Xu, Zhiwei; Su, Hong; Ho, Hung Chak; Song, Yimeng; Zheng, Hao; Hossain, Mohammad Zahid; Khan, Alfazal; Bogale, Daniel; Zhang, Heng; Wei, Jing; Cheng, Jian

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145509

“…Table 1 Our counterfactual analysis results have much more practical public health meaning than those of ER. The implication that reducing the level of PM 2.5 may be associated with the largest decline in ALRI outpatient visits is consistent with previous reports about the toxicity of smaller-sized particulate matter on lower respiratory infection hospitalizations (10)(11)(12)(13)(14). For example, Wang et al speci cally focused on the association between particulate matter of different sizes and childhood pneumonia, and they reported a graded impact of particulate matter of different sizes on childhood pneumonia (PM 1 > PM 2.5 > PM 10 ).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

“…However, evidence on the association between different sizes of PM and lower respiratory infections, especially that from developing countries in which the level of air pollution is high, is relatively little (7)(8)(9). Meanwhile, it is widely acknowledged that short-term exposure to particulate matter is associated with ALRI hospitalizations (10)(11)(12)(13)(14), but we have not found any study that investigated the association between exposure to particulate matter and ALRI outpatient visits.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Particulate matter of different sizes associated with acute lower respiratory infection outpatient visits in children: a counterfactual analysis in Guangzhou, China

Liang

¹

,

Meng

²

,

Yang

³

et al. 2021

Preprint

0

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Background The burden of lower respiratory infection is primarily borne by developing countries. However, the association between particulate matter of different sizes and acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) outpatient visits in developing countries is less studied. Methods We obtained data on ALRI outpatient visits (N = 105,639) from a tertiary hospital in Guangzhou, China between 2013 and 2019. Over-dispersed generalized additive Poisson models were employed to evaluate the excess risk (ER) associated with particulate matter [inhalable particulate matter (PM10), coarse particulate matter (PMc), and fine particulate matter (PM2.5)]. Counterfactual analyses were used to examine the potential percent reduction of ALRI outpatient visits if the levels of air pollution were as low as those recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). Results There were 35,310 pneumonia, 68,218 bronchiolitis, and 2,111 asthma outpatient visits included. Each 10 µg/m3 increase of three-day moving averages of particulate matter was associated with significant ER [95% confidence interval (CI)] of outpatient visits of pneumonia [PM2.5: 3.71% (2.91%, 4.52%); PMc: 9.19% (6.94%, 11.49%); PM10: 4.36% (3.21%, 5.52%)], bronchiolitis [PM2.5: 3.21% (2.49%, 3.93%); PMc: 9.13% (7.09%, 11.21%); PM10: 3.12% (2.10%, 4.15%)], and asthma [PM2.5: 3.45% (1.18%, 5.78%); PMc: 11.69% (4.45%, 19.43%); PM10: 3.33% (0.26%, 6.49%)]. The association between particulate matter and pneumonia outpatient visits was stronger among male patients and in cold seasons. Counterfactual analyses suggested that PM2.5 was associated with the largest potential decline of ALRI outpatient visits [pneumonia: 3.89%, 95% CI: (3.24%, 5.52%); bronchiolitis: 4.35% (3.06%, 4.82%); asthma: 5.98% (1.92%, 10.37%)] if the air pollutants were reduced to the level of the reference guidelines. Conclusion Short-term exposure to PM2.5, PMc, and PM10 is associated with significant risk of ALRI outpatient visits, among which PM2.5 is associated with the highest potential decline in outpatient visits if it could be reduced to the WHO recommended level.

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“…Our counterfactual analysis results have much more practical public health meaning than those of ER. The implication that reducing the level of PM 2.5 may be associated with the largest decline in ALRI outpatient visits is consistent with previous reports about the toxicity of smaller-sized particulate matter on lower respiratory infection hospitalizations [10][11][12][13][14]. For example, Wang et al speci cally focused on the association between particulate matter of different sizes and childhood pneumonia, and they reported a graded impact of particulate matter of different sizes on childhood pneumonia (PM 1 > PM 2.5 > PM 10 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Particulate Matter of Different Sizes Associated With Acute Lower Respiratory Infection Outpatient Visits in Children: A Time-Series Analysis in Guangzhou, China

Liang

¹

,

Meng

²

,

Yang

³

et al. 2021

Preprint

0

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background The burden of lower respiratory infection is primarily borne by developing countries. However, the association between particulate matter of different sizes and acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) outpatient visits in developing countries is less studied. Methods We obtained data on ALRI outpatient visits (N = 105,639) from a tertiary hospital in Guangzhou, China between 2013 and 2019. Over-dispersed generalized additive Poisson models were employed to evaluate the excess risk (ER) associated with particulate matter [inhalable particulate matter (PM10), coarse particulate matter (PMc), and fine particulate matter (PM2.5)]. Counterfactual analyses were used to examine the potential percent reduction of ALRI outpatient visits if the levels of air pollution were as low as those recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). Results There were 35,310 pneumonia, 68,218 bronchiolitis, and 2,111 asthma outpatient visits included. Each 10 µg/m3 increase of three-day moving averages of particulate matter was associated with significant ER [95% confidence interval (CI)] of outpatient visits of pneumonia [PM2.5: 3.71% (2.91%, 4.52%); PMc: 9.19% (6.94%, 11.49%); PM10: 4.36% (3.21%, 5.52%)], bronchiolitis [PM2.5: 3.21% (2.49%, 3.93%); PMc: 9.13% (7.09%, 11.21%); PM10: 3.12% (2.10%, 4.15%)], and asthma [PM2.5: 3.45% (1.18%, 5.78%); PMc: 11.69% (4.45%, 19.43%); PM10: 3.33% (0.26%, 6.49%)]. The association between particulate matter and pneumonia outpatient visits was stronger among male patients and in cold seasons. Counterfactual analyses suggested that PM2.5 was associated with the largest potential decline of ALRI outpatient visits [pneumonia: 3.89%, 95% CI: (3.24%, 5.52%); bronchiolitis: 4.35% (3.06%, 4.82%); asthma: 5.98% (1.92%, 10.37%)] if the air pollutants were reduced to the level of the reference guidelines. Conclusion Short-term exposure to PM2.5, PMc, and PM10 is associated with significant risk of ALRI outpatient visits, among which PM2.5 is associated with the highest potential decline in outpatient visits if it could be reduced to the WHO recommended level.

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“…Such high agreement could also be seen when PM 1 was estimated at the seasonal and annual scales, with R 2 equal to 0.97 and RMSE lower than 4.1 μg/m 3 . To date, this dataset has been increasingly used to estimate health burden [ 34 ] as well as the effects of PM 1 on human health in Chinese cities [ 21 , 35 , 36 ]. The spatial distributions of PM 1 concentrations in 2016 all over China are shown in Figure 2 B.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ambient Ozone, PM1 and Female Lung Cancer Incidence in 436 Chinese Counties

Guo

¹

,

Liu

²

,

Wei

³

2021

IJERPH

Self Cite

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Ozone air pollution has been increasingly severe and has become another major air pollutant in Chinese cities, while PM1 is more harmful to human health than coarser PMs. However, nationwide studies estimating the effects of ozone and PM1 are quite limited in China. This study aims to assess the spatial associations between ozone (and PM1) and the incidence rate of female lung cancer in 436 Chinese cancer registries (counties/districts). The effects of ozone and PM1 were estimated, respectively, using statistical models controlling for time, location and socioeconomic covariates. Then, three sensitivity analyses including the adjustments of smoking covariates and co-pollutant (SO2) and the estimates of ozone, PM1 and SO2 effects in the same model, were conducted to test the robustness of the effects of the two air pollutants. Further still, we investigated the modifying role of urban–rural division on the effects of ozone and PM1. According to the results, a 10 μg/m3 increase in ozone and PM1 was associated with a 4.57% (95% CI: 4.32%, 16.16%) and 4.89% (95% CI: 4.37%, 17.56%) increase in the incidence rate of female lung cancer relative to its mean, respectively. Such ozone and PM1 effects were still significant in three sensitivity analyses. Regarding the modifying role of urban–rural division, the effect of PM1 was greater by 2.98% (95% CI: 1.01%, 4.96%) in urban than in rural areas when PM1 changed by 10 μg/m3. However, there was no modification effect of urban–rural division for ozone. In conclusion, there were positive associations between ozone (and PM1) and the incidence rate of female lung cancer in China. Urban-rural division may modify the effect of PM1 on the incidence rate of female lung cancer, which is seldom reported. Continuous and further prevention and control measures should be developed to alleviate the situation of the two air pollutants.

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Ambient particulate matter (PM1, PM2.5, PM10) and childhood pneumonia: The smaller particle, the greater short-term impact?

Cited by 65 publications

References 38 publications

Particulate matter of different sizes associated with acute lower respiratory infection outpatient visits in children: a counterfactual analysis in Guangzhou, China

Particulate matter of different sizes associated with acute lower respiratory infection outpatient visits in children: a counterfactual analysis in Guangzhou, China

Particulate Matter of Different Sizes Associated With Acute Lower Respiratory Infection Outpatient Visits in Children: A Time-Series Analysis in Guangzhou, China

Ambient Ozone, PM1 and Female Lung Cancer Incidence in 436 Chinese Counties

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