Ambipolar zinc-polyiodide electrolyte for a high-energy density aqueous redox flow battery

Li, Bin; Nie, Zimin; Vijayakumar, M.; Li, Guosheng; Li, Jun; Sprenkle, Vincent; Wang, Wei

doi:10.1038/ncomms7303

Cited by 470 publications

(445 citation statements)

References 27 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

436

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…[82] Although the discharge process of DCA is irreversible, it provided a new research approach for exploring electrode materials for lithium batteries. [69] www.advmat.de www.advancedsciencenews.com aqueous electrolyte. [78] With the help of a carbon additive (50 wt%), the reduction of chloranil was reversible in Figure 1.…”

Section: Historical Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Engineering with Organic Carbonyl Electrode Materials for Advanced Stationary and Redox Flow Rechargeable Batteries

2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Organic carbonyl electrode materials that have the advantages of high capacity, low cost and being environmentally friendly, are regarded as powerful candidates for next-generation stationary and redox flow rechargeable batteries (RFBs). However, low carbonyl utilization, poor electronic conductivity and undesired dissolution in electrolyte are urgent issues to be solved. Here, we summarize a molecular engineering approach for tuning the capacity, working potential, concentration of active species, kinetics, and stability of stationary and redox flow batteries, which well resolves the problems of organic carbonyl electrode materials. As an example, in stationary batteries, 9,10-anthraquinone (AQ) with two carbonyls delivers a capacity of 257 mAh g (2.27 V vs Li /Li), while increasing the number of carbonyls to four with the formation of 5,7,12,14-pentacenetetrone results in a higher capacity of 317 mAh g (2.60 V vs Li /Li). In RFBs, AQ, which is less soluble in aqueous electrolyte, reaches 1 M by grafting -SO H with the formation of 9,10-anthraquinone-2,7-disulphonic acid, resulting in a power density exceeding 0.6 W cm with long cycling life. Therefore, through regulating substituent groups, conjugated structures, Coulomb interactions, and the molecular weight, the electrochemical performance of carbonyl electrode materials can be rationally optimized. This review offers fundamental principles and insight into designing advanced carbonyl materials for the electrodes of next-generation rechargeable batteries.

show abstract

Section: Historical Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Engineering with Organic Carbonyl Electrode Materials for Advanced Stationary and Redox Flow Rechargeable Batteries

2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For example, polyiodides play a key role in the charge transfer processes of dye-sensitised solar cells [9][10][11][12][13]. Moreover, they are used as ambipolar zinc electrolytes [14] and are part of the development of a new type of lithium-iodine redox batteries [15]. In the recent past, several groups focused their activities toward the synthesis of new, tailored polyiodides using cationic templates whose lengths and shapes significantly influence the topology of the polyiodide anions [16][17][18][19][20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

I₅^–polymers with a layered arrangement: synthesis, spectroscopy, and structure of a new polyiodide salt in the nicotine/HI/I₂system

Reiß

2015

Zeitschrift Für Naturforschung B

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The reaction of S-nicotine with hydroiodic acid in the presence of iodine gave the new polyiodidecontaining salt nicotine-1,1′-diium bis(triiodide)-diiodine (1/1) (C 10 H 16 N 2 ) [I 3 ] 2 ·I 2 (1). The title compound has been characterised by spectroscopic methods (Raman and IR) and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The asymmetric unit of the title structure consists of one dication, two triiodide anions, and one iodine molecule, all located in general positions in the non-centrosymmetric space group P1. One of the two crystallographically independent triiodide anions and the doubly protonated nicotinium dication form hydrogen-bonded chains along b, which are arranged parallel to each other in the ½bc plane. The second crystallographically independent triiodide anion and the iodine molecule form an I 5 -moiety, which is end-on connected to two symmetry-related anions resulting in polyiode zig-zag chains along the [0 1 1̅ ] direction. These polyiodide chains are stacked parallel to each other in the 0bc plane. The Raman spectrum of the title compound shows characteristic lines in the 50-200 cm -1 range, which are in excellent agreement with the findings derived from the crystal structure.

show abstract

“…We note that the demonstrated power output is comparable with the reported non-aqueous semi-solid based fl ow batteries (2.5-37 mW cm −2 ) [ 27,58 ] but still lower than aqueous fl ow cells (>100 mW cm −2 ). [ 5,23 ] We believe that further improvement on the cell design (e.g., channel confi guration, porous carbon current collector), replacing lithium metal electrode with redox active materials, improving the ionic conductivity of the solid electrolyte membrane, developing alternative cation-exchange membrane with higher ionic conductivity, [ 7 ] and improving the electrical conductivity of the catholytes will improve the power output of this system.…”

Section: Electrochemical Performance Of the Lii-s/c Mrssl Catholytementioning

confidence: 98%

A High‐Energy‐Density Multiple Redox Semi‐Solid‐Liquid Flow Battery

Chen

2016

Advanced Energy Materials

106

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

well as safety concerns if/when crossover occurs.Non-aqueous Li-based fl ow batteries utilizing organic redox compounds (e.g., ferrocene-based redox, [ 24,25 ] 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl, (TEMPO)-based) [ 8,11 ] as catholytes have been shown an effective approach to increase the power density, [ 24,25 ] cycle life, [ 24,25 ] and energy density of the RFBs. [ 1,6,7,9,24,25 ] However, the low solubility of organic redox compounds has limited further improvement in energy density. Alternatively, a non-aqueous Libased semi-solid fl ow battery was proposed by Duduta et al. [ 26 ] In this concept, insoluble active materials (lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO 2 ), [ 26 ] lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO 4 ), [ 27 ] silicon [ 28 ] ) are mixed with conducting carbon (e.g. Ketjenblack (KB)) and Li + ion supporting electrolyte to form a suspension, which permits catholyte/anolyte concentration beyond solubility limit and shows much higher achieved volumetric capacity. Along this concept, we have recently reported a sulfur/carbon (S/C) composite semi-solid fl ow battery achieving superior volumetric capacity (294 Ah L −1 catholyte ). [ 29 ] Another important emerging direction in the fi eld is applying redox reactions to mediate and facilitate intercalation or conversion reactions of energy storage materials. [30][31][32] Applying this concept, Jia et al. [ 33 ] have recently demonstrated a high-energy density all redox fl ow lithium battery reaching tank energy density ≈500 Wh L −1 (50% porosity).In this work, we propose a new concept of multiple redox semi-solid-liquid (MRSSL) fl ow battery, which takes advantage of both highly soluble active materials in the liquid phase and high-capacity active materials in the solid phase, to form a biphase MRSSL catholyte. Here, we used liquid LiI electrolyte and solid S/C composite as an example to demonstrate an LiI-S/C MRSSL catholyte, which achieved the highest catholyte volumetric capacity (550 Ah L −1 catholyte ) to date and superior energy density (580 Wh L −1 catholyte+lithium ) with high columbic effi ciency (>95%). We further show that the presence of LiI synergistically facilitates the electrochemical utilization and reduces the viscosity of the catholyte. A continuous fl ow battery system based on the LiI-S/C MRSSL catholyte is demonstrated and the infl uence of fl ow rate and current density on the battery performance will be discussed. The MRSSL concept provides wide-open opportunities for numerous combinations of solid and liquid active materials and offers a new direction for designing next-generation high-energy-density fl ow batteries.

show abstract

Ambipolar zinc-polyiodide electrolyte for a high-energy density aqueous redox flow battery

Cited by 470 publications

References 27 publications

Molecular Engineering with Organic Carbonyl Electrode Materials for Advanced Stationary and Redox Flow Rechargeable Batteries

Molecular Engineering with Organic Carbonyl Electrode Materials for Advanced Stationary and Redox Flow Rechargeable Batteries

I₅^–polymers with a layered arrangement: synthesis, spectroscopy, and structure of a new polyiodide salt in the nicotine/HI/I₂system

A High‐Energy‐Density Multiple Redox Semi‐Solid‐Liquid Flow Battery

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Ambipolar zinc-polyiodide electrolyte for a high-energy density aqueous redox flow battery

Cited by 470 publications

References 27 publications

Molecular Engineering with Organic Carbonyl Electrode Materials for Advanced Stationary and Redox Flow Rechargeable Batteries

Molecular Engineering with Organic Carbonyl Electrode Materials for Advanced Stationary and Redox Flow Rechargeable Batteries

I5–polymers with a layered arrangement: synthesis, spectroscopy, and structure of a new polyiodide salt in the nicotine/HI/I2system

A High‐Energy‐Density Multiple Redox Semi‐Solid‐Liquid Flow Battery

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

I₅^–polymers with a layered arrangement: synthesis, spectroscopy, and structure of a new polyiodide salt in the nicotine/HI/I₂system