Amblyopia, Strabismus and Refractive Errors in Congenital Ptosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Wang, Yijie; Xu, Yufeng; Liu, Xi; Lou, Lixia; Ye, Juan

doi:10.1038/s41598-018-26671-3

Cited by 39 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Associated strabismus was found in 8% of the patients. Higher prevalence (19.6%) of strabismus is reported in recent meta-analysis 13 . No patient had any systemic association or family history for ptosis in our study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

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Frequency and Associations of Marcus Gunn Phenomenon in Congenital Ptosis

Ahmad

Imtiaz

Iqbal

et al. 2021

PAFMJ

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Objective: To determine the frequency and various associations of Marcus Gunn Phenomenon in patients of congenital ptosis. Study Design: Cross-sectional observational study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Ophthalmology, Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar, from Jun to Sep 2020. Methodology: A total of 100 patients with congenital ptosis were included. Patients with any cause of secondary or acquired ptosis were excluded. Congenital ptosis was classified as simple and complex. Assessment for ptosis severity, presence of jaw winking ptosis, jaw winking severity, refractive error, amblyopia, strabismus, systemic association and family history for congenital ptosis was performed. Results: Simple congenital ptosis was the most common type overall (84%). A total of 60% patients were males and 40% were females. More than 90% of the patients had severe ptosis. Ninety eight percent cases had onset since birth. No patient had systemic association or positive family history. Nine percent frequency of Marcus Gunn Phenomenon was noted with congenital ptosis. All the patients with Marcus Gunn Phenomenon had unilateral presentation. Left eye was affected predominantly (88.89%). A total of 22.22% of the patients with Marcus Gunn Phenomenon had anisometropic amblyopia. No other ocular or systemic association of Marcus Gunn Phenomenon was observed. Conclusion: Simple congenital ptosis is the most common type of congenital ptosis. The authors report 9% frequency of Marcus Gunn Phenomenon with congenital ptosis and left side effected predominantly. Anisometropic amblyopia was the major ocular association of Marcus Gunn Phenomenon observed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…In a meta-analysis by Yijie et al, the prevalence of amblyopia in congenital ptosis ranged from 18.5-27.8% 13 . In our study 28% patients had associated amblyopia with congenital ptosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency and Associations of Marcus Gunn Phenomenon in Congenital Ptosis

Ahmad

Imtiaz

Iqbal

et al. 2021

PAFMJ

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“…The presence of refractive error and strabismus are one of the two most common causative factors in the development of amblyopia. Zhu et al, concluded that uncorrected refractive error is more important factor than deviation [11][12][13][14][15][16] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency of Refractive Error and Amblyopia in Strabismus in Pediatric Age Group

Malik

Masud

Basit

et al. 2021

PAFMJ

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Objective: To see the frequency and compare the type of refractive error and strabismus in amblyopic versus non amblyopic children. Study Design: Comparative cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Armed Forces Institute of Ophthalmology, Rawalpindi, from Jan to Jul 2019. Methodology: The sample population comprised of 250 patients of new or previously diagnosed children with refractive error and strabismus presenting at children eye outdoor patient department of armed forces institute of ophthalmology. Strabismus was diagnosed by the consultant eye specialist on the basis of heterotropia at near or distance fixation. Amblyopia and refracttive error was assessed by a trained optometrist. Patients were classified into amblyopia and non- amblyopia groups. The type of squint and refractive error was noted down along with demographic details. Chi square test was used to assess thesignificance of association between various categorical variables. Results: A total of 250 participants were included with a mean age of 5.00 ± 1.07 years. Out of total, 132 (52.8%) were males while 118 (47.2%) were females. One hundred and fifty (59.5%) patients were suffering from amblyopia while 100 (39.5%) patients were normal with comparable vision in both the eyes. Out of 150 amblyopic patients 134 (89.3%) were suffering from unilateral amblyopia while 16 (10.6%) patients had amblyopia in both the eyes. Out of refractive errors astigmatism was present in 83 (55.3 %) of amblyopia patients while hypermetropia was present in 54 (36%) of the patients. Out of total patients of strabismus, 95 (63.3%) of non-alternating esotropic patients..........

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“…Our findings are consistent with those of a recent report on refractive error in congenital ptosis, which found a high incidence of anisometropia; however, that study mainly focused on the prevalence of myopic anisometropia [ 2 ]. A recent meta-analysis of patients with congenital ptosis showed that among various types of refractive error, myopia was the most prevalent (30.2%), followed by anisometropia (17.3%) [ 7 ]. Differences among reports in the prevalence of refractive errors may be due to variations in patient age at the time of cycloplegic refraction measurement.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyperopic anisometropia with a shorter axial length ipsilateral to the ptotic eye in children with congenital ptosis

et al. 2021

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Background To investigate the clinical characteristics of children with congenital ptosis, with particular attention given to the incidence of anisometropia, and the difference in axial length (AL) between the right and left eyes. Methods The medical charts of 55 patients with congenital ptosis at Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Clinical characteristics, including age, cycloplegic refraction, AL, and the presence of amblyopia and its causes were analyzed. Results Age at the initial visit was 16 ± 20 (mean ± standard deviation, the same applies below) months. Of the 49 patients whose cycloplegic refraction was measured, hyperopic anisometropia, defined as ≥ one-diopter difference in spherical equivalent (SE), was observed in 1/11, 9/27 and 5/11 patients with bilateral, right, and left ptosis, respectively. Among 14/38 patients with hyperopic anisometropia involving unilateral ptosis, 13 demonstrated a larger SE in the ptotic eye than in the non-ptotic eye. The inter-eye difference in AL (AL of the ptotic eye minus that of the non-ptotic eye) in six patients with unilateral ptosis and hyperopic anisometropia ipsilateral to the ptotic eye (-0.29 ± 0.40 mm) was significantly smaller than that in three patients with unilateral ptosis and no hyperopic anisometropia (0.38 ± 0.29 mm). Conclusions At our institute, children with congenital ptosis had a high incidence of hyperopic anisometropia ipsilateral to the ptotic eye. Furthermore, this condition was associated with a shorter axial length. These results indicate that refractive correction for hyperopic anisometropia is important for proper visual development in children with congenital ptosis.

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Amblyopia, Strabismus and Refractive Errors in Congenital Ptosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Cited by 39 publications

References 48 publications

Frequency and Associations of Marcus Gunn Phenomenon in Congenital Ptosis

Frequency and Associations of Marcus Gunn Phenomenon in Congenital Ptosis

Frequency of Refractive Error and Amblyopia in Strabismus in Pediatric Age Group

Hyperopic anisometropia with a shorter axial length ipsilateral to the ptotic eye in children with congenital ptosis

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