“…Without IPR licensing revenues, generated via sponsorship and broadcasting, the Olympic Games would probably not exist in their current format (e.g., Curthoys & Kendall, 2001;Payne, 1998;Shani & Sandler, 1998 protection legislation to provide even more comprehensive protection for Olympic trademarks and indicia. However, since Nike's sustained, widespread and high profile 'ambush' of the official marketing campaigns associated with the 'highly commercialized' Atlanta Games (e.g., Curthoys & Kendall, 2001;Payne, 1998;Shani & Sandler, 1998), the IOC has taken a 'very aggressive attitude in protecting its rights' (Payne, 2006, p. 145), and has sought to gain additional legal protection for Olympic trademarks and other IPR in host territories (McKelvey & Grady, 2004;Townley, et al, 1998).…”